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Garuda Purana — Preta Kalpa, Shloka 9

Akalamṛtyu-kāraṇa and Bāla Antyeṣṭi: Age-graded Funeral Rites, Śrāddha Types, and Sonship Duties

Devanagari script

शूद्रादीनां कथं कुर्यात्संशयो मौञ्जिवर्जनात् / गर्भाच्च नवमं हित्वा शिशुरामासषोडशम्

Transliteration

śūdrādīnāṃ kathaṃ kuryātsaṃśayo mauñjivarjanāt / garbhācca navamaṃ hitvā śiśurāmāsaṣoḍaśam

Translation

シュードラ等の場合、この儀礼はいかに行うべきか。彼らは聖なる腰紐（マウンジー）を帯びないため疑いが生じる。受胎より第九の月を除き、幼子については十六か月までを数える。

Word by Word
शूद्रादीनाम्of the Śūdras and others
शूद्रादीनाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; शूद्र-आदि-शब्दानां (genitive plural)
कथम्how
कथम्:
Prakaraṇa (Adverbial/प्रकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
कुर्यात्should do
कुर्यात्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
मौञ्जिवर्जनात्because of omission of the muñja (sacred girdle)
मौञ्जिवर्जनात्:
Apadana (Cause/Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootमौञ्जि + वर्जन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी-अपादान), एकवचन; कारणार्थे (ablative of cause)
गर्भात्from conception / from the womb
गर्भात्:
Apadana (Point of origin/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; आरम्भ-निर्देशे (from the womb)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
नवमम्the ninth (year)
नवमम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootनवम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (ordinal adjective)
हित्वाhaving left (aside)
हित्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद; ‘having left/omitted’
शिशुःa child
शिशुः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशिशु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
आमासषोडशम्(up to) sixteen months
आमासषोडशम्:
Karma/Avadhi (Extent/अवधि)
TypeAdjective
Rootआमास + षोडश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; ‘आमास-षोडश’ = षोडश-आमासपर्यन्तम् (up to sixteen months)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Adhikāra (eligibility) and precise kāla/āyuḥ-gaṇanā for rites when upanayana markers are absent.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as niyati: orderly regulation of life-stages (āśrama/saṃskāra) supporting saṃskāra-purity and social-ritual coherence.

Application: When performing rites for Śūdra and others lacking mauñjī/upanayana, compute age from conception with the stated exclusion (leaving the ninth month) and apply the child-reckoning up to sixteen months as per this rule.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.25 (context: age-stages and śrāddha/daśapiṇḍa rules for minors)

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda
V
Vishnu
Ś
Śūdra
M
mauñjī

FAQs

This verse treats mauñjī as a key marker used in determining ritual eligibility or procedure; when it is absent (as for Śūdras and some others), uncertainty arises about how to apply certain rites.

Not directly; it focuses on dharmic procedure and timing/eligibility for rites, which in the Garuda Purana framework supports correct observance connected with post-death rituals and related duties.

Follow tradition-specific guidance on eligibility and timing rather than assuming a single uniform rule for everyone; when a standard marker (like a samskara) is not present, consult the appropriate dharma-śāstra or lineage practice.

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