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Shloka 12

Upanayana Timing, Brahmacarya Rules, Ācamana & Sandhyā Observance

Devanagari script

सन्ध्यां प्राक् प्रातरेवं हि तिष्ठेदासूर्यदर्शनात् / अग्निकार्यं ततः कुर्यात्सन्ध्ययोरुभयोरपि

Transliteration

sandhyāṃ prāk prātarevaṃ hi tiṣṭhedāsūryadarśanāt / agnikāryaṃ tataḥ kuryātsandhyayorubhayorapi

Translation

朝のサンディヤーに先立ち、暁の初めより日を拝するまで、戒めを保って留まるべし。その後、アグニ・カーリヤ（火の儀礼）を行え。これは朝夕二つのサンディヤーにおいて共に行うべきである。

Word by Word
सन्ध्याम्the twilight worship (sandhyā)
सन्ध्याम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन
प्राक्beforehand
प्राक्:
Kriya-visheshana (Temporal/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्राक् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (before)
प्रातर्in the morning
प्रातर्:
Kriya-visheshana (Temporal/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातर् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक (in the morning)
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Kriya-visheshana (Manner/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (thus/in this manner)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (emphasis/causal)
तिष्ठेत्should stand/remain
तिष्ठेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
आuntil
आ:
Desha-kala-avadhi (Limit/अवधि)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधी-प्रदर्शक (up to/until)
सूर्य-दर्शनात्from/at the sight of the sun
सूर्य-दर्शनात्:
Apadana (Limit-point/source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक) + दर्शन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), एकवचन
अग्नि-कार्यम्the fire-rite
अग्नि-कार्यम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक) + कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
Kriya-visheshana (Sequence/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; ततः-शब्द (thereafter/from that)
कुर्यात्should perform
कुर्यात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
सन्ध्ययोःof the two sandhyās (morning & evening)
सन्ध्ययोः:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootसन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), द्विवचन
उभयोःof both
उभयोः:
Sambandha (Genitive qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootउभय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; विशेषण (सन्ध्ययोः)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (also/even)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Observe morning sandhya from pre-dawn until sun is seen; then perform agni-karya; do likewise at both twilights.

Vedantic Theme: Nitya-karma as chitta-shuddhi; honoring cosmic order (rita) through time-bound discipline.

Application: Keep strict sandhya timing: begin before dawn, continue until sunrise; follow with fire-rite; repeat at evening twilight—consistency over convenience.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Geographic Context

Type: domestic/ashramic ritual ground

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.94.10-11 (japa, pranayama, purification); Garuda Purana 1.94.13-14 (guru-upasana, study, service)

Characters & Entities
S
Surya
A
Agni

FAQs

This verse treats sandhyā as a mandatory daily discipline: one observes at dawn until sunrise and performs the prescribed fire-duty, emphasizing regularity at both morning and evening twilights.

Indirectly, it frames dharmic daily rites (sandhyā and agni-kārya) as foundational conduct that purifies one’s life and supports favorable spiritual outcomes taught elsewhere in the Garuda Purana.

Keep a consistent morning-and-evening spiritual routine: begin before sunrise, continue until sunrise, and follow with a simple fire/light offering or prayerful practice aligned with your tradition.

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