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Shloka 22

The Examination of Pearls and Padmarāga (Ruby): Origins, Marks, Defects, and Valuation

Devanagari script

तुषोपसर्गात्कलशाभिधानमाताम्रभावादपि तुम्बुरूत्थम् / कार्ष्ण्यात्तथा सिंहलदेशजातं मुक्ताभिधानं नभसः स्वभावात्

Transliteration

tuṣopasargātkalaśābhidhānamātāmrabhāvādapi tumburūttham / kārṣṇyāttathā siṃhaladeśajātaṃ muktābhidhānaṃ nabhasaḥ svabhāvāt

Translation

殻のような付着があるゆえに「カラシャ」(kalaśa)と呼ばれ、また銅のごとき赤みゆえにトゥンブル（tumburu）より生ずるとも説かれる。さらに暗い色合いゆえにシンハラ（Siṃhala）の地に生まれた「ムクター」(muktā)と知られ、その本性が天空のようであるがゆえに「ムクター」—解き放たれしもの—と名づけられる。

Word by Word
तुषोपसर्गात्from the affliction/defect of husk-like impurity
तुषोपसर्गात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootतुष-उपसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; हेतौ (ablative of cause)
कलशाभिधानम्the designation ‘kalaśa’
कलशाभिधानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकलश-अभिधान (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; ‘कलश’ इति नाम/अभिधानम्
आताम्रभावात्from coppery/reddish nature
आताम्रभावात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootआ-ताम्र-भाव (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; हेतौ
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपेक्षाबोधक अव्यय (also/even)
तुम्बुरूत्थम्arisen from Tumburu (region)
तुम्बुरूत्थम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootतुम्बुरु-उत्थ (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण—‘तुम्बुरोः उत्पन्नम्’
कार्ष्ण्यात्from blackness/darkness
कार्ष्ण्यात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootकार्ष्ण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; हेतौ—‘कृष्णत्वात्’
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Sambandha (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक अव्यय (in that way/likewise)
सिंहलदेशजातम्born in the Siṃhala country
सिंहलदेशजातम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसींहल-देश-जात (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण—‘सींहलदेशे जातम्’
मुक्ताभिधानम्the designation ‘muktā’ (pearl)
मुक्ताभिधानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमुक्त-अभिधान (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; ‘मुक्ता’ इति नाम
नभसःof the sky
नभसः:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootनभस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध
स्वभावात्from (its) natural property
स्वभावात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-भाव (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; हेतौ
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Nāma arises from guṇa and upādhi: terms like kalaśa/tumburu/siṃhala/muktā are grounded in observable properties (covering, coppery hue, darkness, sky-like nature).

Vedantic Theme: Nāma-rūpa and upādhi: designation follows attributes; discern the basis of naming to avoid confusion.

Application: When interpreting labels (in texts or life), ask: what property or context generated the name? This prevents category errors.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: type-name tied to region/appearance; regions

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.70 (nirukti-style explanations of ratna-bheda names)

Characters & Entities
S
Siṁhala (Sri Lanka)
N
nabhas (sky/ether)

FAQs

This verse preserves traditional Sanskrit nirukti-style explanations for why a pearl is called muktā, linking the name to the idea of ‘release’ and to a sky-like natural purity.

Rather than describing afterlife rites here, the chapter segment functions as a classificatory/lexical teaching—explaining names and origins—supporting accurate ritual and cultural usage of terms found elsewhere in the Purana.

Use it as a reference for correct Sanskrit terminology (IAST, meanings, and traditional derivations) when studying or citing Garuda Purana passages about objects, offerings, or auspicious materials.

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