Shloka 10

Devanagari script

ऋणानि त्रीण्यपाकृत्य त्यक्त्वा भार्याधनादिकम् / एकाकी यस्तु विचरेदुदासीनः स मौक्षिकः

Transliteration

ṛṇāni trīṇyapākṛtya tyaktvā bhāryādhanādikam / ekākī yastu vicaredudāsīnaḥ sa maukṣikaḥ

Translation

三つの負債を償い、妻や財などを捨て去って、ただ独り歩み、世の縁に執せず淡然としている者——その人はモークシャ（解脱）にふさわしく、解脱を求める者である。

Word by Word

• ऋणानि: debts/obligations
• ऋणानि: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), बहुवचन

• त्रीणि: three
• त्रीणि: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (संख्येय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), बहुवचन; विशेषण (three)

• अपाकृत्य: having cleared (off)
• अपाकृत्य: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अप + आ + कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive): ‘having removed/cleared’

• त्यक्त्वा: having abandoned
• त्यक्त्वा: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive): ‘having abandoned’

• भार्याधनादिकम्: wife, wealth, and the like
• भार्याधनादिकम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या (प्रातिपदिक) + धन (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + क (प्रातिपदिक-निर्माण)
• Form: समाहार-द्वन्द्व/समुच्चयार्थ-समास (भार्या च धनं च आदि च); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; ‘and the like’ sense by आदि

• एकाकी: alone
• एकाकी: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एकाकिन्/एकाकी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषण (solitary)

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक-यः (who)

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विशेषार्थक-निपात (particle)

• विचरेत्: should wander
• विचरेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + चर् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदी

• उदासीनः: a detached one
• उदासीनः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदासीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; (detached one)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; निर्देशार्थक (he)

• मौक्षिकः: liberation-oriented; pertaining to mokṣa
• मौक्षिकः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मौक्षिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषण (leading to mokṣa / mokṣa-related)

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in instruction to Garuḍa/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: After repaying the three debts (to devas, ṛṣis, pitṛs), renounce spouse/wealth and wander alone as udāsīna; such a one is mokṣa-fit.

Vedantic Theme: Vairāgya and saṃnyāsa as proximate means; freedom from bandha through non-attachment after dharma is fulfilled.

Application: Fulfill core responsibilities first; then simplify radically—reduce possessions, loosen identity ties, cultivate solitude and contemplation; practice non-possessiveness and steady remembrance of the Absolute.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Geographic Context

Type: wilderness-route

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.49.8–1.49.9 (gṛhastha duties and types as preparatory)

FAQs

What is the importance of the “three debts” (ṛṇa-traya) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames mokṣa-oriented life as appropriate after clearing the three core obligations—typically to sages (knowledge), ancestors (lineage/rites), and gods (worship)—so that renunciation is not escapism but dharmically complete.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul toward liberation?

It emphasizes vairāgya: once worldly duties are fulfilled, the seeker becomes “udāsīna” (detached) and “ekākī” (unentangled), redirecting identity from social roles to spiritual realization—an inner condition supportive of mokṣa.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Fulfill responsibilities ethically (learning, gratitude to family/ancestors, worship/service), then simplify life, reduce attachment to possessions and status, and cultivate steady detachment and spiritual practice.