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Shloka 40

Prāyaścitta for Food-Contact, Social Contact, Aśauca Periods, and Formal Penance Systems

Devanagari script

सततं वैश्वदेवा दि न तेषां सूतकं भवेत् / अशुद्धे च गृहे भुक्ते त्रिरात्राच्छुध्यति द्विजः

Transliteration

satataṃ vaiśvadevā di na teṣāṃ sūtakaṃ bhavet / aśuddhe ca gṛhe bhukte trirātrācchudhyati dvijaḥ

Translation

ヴァイシュヴァデーヴァなどの日々の儀礼を常に行う者には、スータカの期間は生じない。たとえ二度生まれの者が不浄の家で食したとしても、三夜の後に清浄となる。

Word by Word
सततम्constantly/always
सततम्:
Visheshana (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभावेन क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative)
वैश्वदेव-आदि(rites) like Vaiśvadeva etc.
वैश्वदेव-आदि:
Vishaya (Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्वदेव (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; समाहारार्थे (vaiśvadeva etc. rites)
नnot
न:
Pratishedha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
सूतकम्(ritual) impurity period
सूतकम्:
Karta/Pradhana (Predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootसूतक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विधेय-नाम
भवेत्should be / would occur
भवेत्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
अशुद्धेin an impure
अशुद्धे:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअशुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; विशेषण (to गृहे)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
गृहेin the house
गृहे:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootगृह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन
भुक्तेwhen (food) has been eaten
भुक्ते:
Adhikarana (Locative absolute)
TypeAdjective
Rootभुक्त (कृदन्त; √भुज् (धातु), क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; सति-सप्तमी (when food has been eaten)
त्रि-रात्रात्after three nights
त्रि-रात्रात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + रात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (त्रयः रात्राः)
शुध्यतिbecomes purified
शुध्यति:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√शुध्/शुच् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
द्विजःthe twice-born
द्विजः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Regular performance of Vaiśvadeva and daily duties mitigates/negates sūtaka; if one eats in an impure house, purification occurs after three nights.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-yoga at the household level: constancy in nitya-karma sustains inner and outer order; time and tapas (restraint) restore eligibility.

Application: Keep daily nitya-karmas consistent; if exposed to impurity through food/social contact, follow the prescribed śuddhi period (here, three nights) before resuming restricted rites.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Geographic Context

Type: domestic ritual space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.222 (nitya-karma and śuddhi durations)

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda
V
Vaiśvadeva
D
Dvija

FAQs

This verse states that consistent performance of Vaiśvadeva and allied daily rites safeguards one from the onset of sūtaka, emphasizing daily dharmic discipline as a purifier.

It addresses sūtaka directly by giving an exception: those steady in prescribed daily offerings are said not to be afflicted by sūtaka, indicating graded rules based on ritual observance.

Maintain regular daily worship/offerings and be mindful of purity norms; if exposed to impurity (e.g., eating in an unclean setting), observe a period of restraint and purification consistent with one’s tradition.

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