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Shloka 108

Ācāra-Nirṇaya: Varṇa-Āśrama Dharma, Śauca, Snāna, Sandhyā, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and Gṛhastha-Dinacaryā

Devanagari script

नित्यं नैमित्तिकं काम्यं क्रियाङ्गं मलकर्षणम् / मार्जनाचमावगाहाश्चाष्टस्नानं प्रकीर्तितम्

Transliteration

nityaṃ naimittikaṃ kāmyaṃ kriyāṅgaṃ malakarṣaṇam / mārjanācamāvagāhāścāṣṭasnānaṃ prakīrtitam

Translation

沐浴と浄めは八種と説かれる。すなわち、日々の沐浴、因縁に応じる沐浴（ナイミッティカ）、所願成就のための沐浴（カーミヤ）、儀礼の一支分としての沐浴、垢をこすり落とす浄め、拭い・塗布による浄め、アーチャマナ（浄水をすすり清めること）、そして水中への浸浴である。

Word by Word
नित्यम्daily
नित्यम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणरूपेण (स्नानस्य प्रकारः)
नैमित्तिकम्occasional (due to a cause)
नैमित्तिकम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनैमित्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम्
काम्यम्desire-motivated/optional
काम्यम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम्
क्रियाङ्गम्a limb/auxiliary of a rite
क्रियाङ्गम्:
Visheshya (Head/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootक्रिया (प्रातिपदिक) + अङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (क्रियायाः अङ्गम्)
मलकर्षणम्removal of impurity
मलकर्षणम्:
Visheshya (Head/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootमल (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (मलस्य कर्षणम्)
मार्जनwiping/cleansing
मार्जन:
Visheshya (Enumerated item/उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootमार्जन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; समाहार-गणनायाम् (सूच्यते)
आचमsipping (ācamana)
आचम:
Visheshya (Enumerated item/उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootआचम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; (आचमनम् इत्यर्थे)
अवगाहाःimmersions/dippings
अवगाहाः:
Visheshya (Enumerated item/उद्देश्य)
TypeNoun
Rootअवगाह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)
अष्टस्नानम्the eightfold bathing (set of eight)
अष्टस्नानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) + स्नान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; द्विगु-समासः (अष्टानां स्नानानां समाहारः)
प्रकीर्तितम्is proclaimed/declared
प्रकीर्तितम्:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-कीर्त् (धातु) + त (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः (क्त-प्रत्ययः), नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘is declared’
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda, Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Purification is multi-modal: time-based (nitya/naimittika), intention-based (kāmya), rite-limb (kriyāṅga), and technique-based (mala-kārṣaṇa, mārjana, ācamanam, avagāha).

Vedantic Theme: Karma as a means to citta-śuddhi; classification (viveka) applied to conduct—orderliness supporting sattva.

Application: Choose the appropriate purification method to context: daily bath, occasioned bath after impurity, ācamanam for quick readiness, full immersion when required.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.213.109 (nitya bath prerequisite for japa/homa); Garuda Purana 1.213.110 (naimittika triggers); Garuda Purana 1.213.111 (kāmya baths like Puṣya-snāna)

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

This verse systematizes purification into eight recognized forms, showing that “snāna” includes not only immersion but also ritual acts like ācamanam and mārjana—making cleanliness integral to dharma and the efficacy of rites.

Indirectly, it frames purity as a dharmic discipline: orderly purification supports right ritual action (kriyāṅga) and ethical living, which the Garuda Purana links with karmic outcomes after death.

Maintain daily cleanliness, use ācamanam or mindful water-sipping before worship/ritual, and treat purification as contextual—daily, occasion-based, or rite-based—rather than a one-size-fits-all practice.

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