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Shloka 34

Nāmāṣṭottara-dviśata: Gaṇa–Chandas–Yati Catalogue and Mnemonic Coding

Devanagari script

छन्दो ह्यतिधृतिः प्रोक्तमत ऊर्ध्वं कृतिर्भवेत् / सप्ताश्वर्तुः सुवदना भ्रौ मनौ यभला गुरुः

Transliteration

chando hyatidhṛtiḥ proktamata ūrdhvaṃ kṛtirbhavet / saptāśvartuḥ suvadanā bhrau manau yabhalā guruḥ

Translation

韻律学において、この韻律はアティドゥリティ（Atidhṛti）と説かれ、その上位にクリティ（Kṛti）がある。その型は「七頭の馬」（音節数）、「美しき顔」の配列であり、二つのパーダでは「ya-bha-la」の順となり、結びの音節は重音、すなわちグル（guru）である。

Word by Word
छन्दःmetre/prosody
छन्दः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootछन्दस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
हिindeed/for
हि:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formहेतौ/निश्चये अव्यय (particle: ‘indeed/for’)
अतिधृतिःAtidhṛti (metre)
अतिधृतिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + धृति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः (अतिधृतिः) (छन्दः-नाम)
प्रोक्तम्declared/said
प्रोक्तम्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √वच् (धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगः ‘said/declared’
अतःtherefore
अतः:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, हेत्वर्थ/तस्मात् (therefore)
ऊर्ध्वम्above/thereafter
ऊर्ध्वम्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय, दिशावाचक (adverb: ‘upwards/thereafter’)
कृतिःKṛti (metre)
कृतिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकृति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (छन्दः-नाम)
भवेत्may be/should be
भवेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
सप्ताश्वर्तुःof the seven-horses-season (count-marker)
सप्ताश्वर्तुः:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootसप्त (प्रातिपदिक) + अश्व (प्रातिपदिक) + ऋतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन; द्विगुसमासः (सप्त + अश्व) + ऋतु-सम्बन्धः (count-marker)
सुवदनाSuvadanā (metre/name)
सुवदना:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + वदन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (सुन्दरं वदनं यस्याः/सु-वदना) (छन्दः-नाम/सूचक)
भ्रौbhrau (metrical marker)
भ्रौ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रौ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (गणसूचक)
मनौmanau (two ‘manu’ groups)
मनौ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमनु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन (गणसूचक)
यभलाःyabhalā-s (metrical groups)
यभलाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयभल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (गणसूचक)
गुरुःheavy (guru syllable)
गुरुः:
Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणरूपेण (prosodic ‘heavy’)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Hierarchical classification of metres and precise rule-giving for their syllabic/gaṇa structure.

Vedantic Theme: Rule-governed speech as a support for clarity (sattva) and transmission; śabda as a disciplined pramāṇa.

Application: When scanning/composing Atidhṛti/Kṛti, apply the stated gaṇa sequence (ya-bha-la) in the pādas and ensure the cadence ends in guru (heavy syllable).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.209.31–33 (preceding metre lists and gaṇa markers); Atidhṛti/Kṛti definitions within the same chandas section

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

This verse shows that the text preserves formal prosodic rules—naming metres like Atidhṛti and Kṛti and indicating gaṇa patterns—helping correct recitation and transmission.

It identifies the metre (Atidhṛti, then Kṛti) and gives its technical markers: a seven-count mnemonic and a gaṇa sequence ‘ya-bha-la’ with a guru (heavy) ending.

Use the gaṇa and guru/laghu cues to scan the verse correctly, aiding accurate chanting, memorization, and reliable digital annotation of Garuda Purana metres.

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