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Shloka 10

Āryā-Chandas Lakṣaṇa; Gīti-Bheda; Vaitālīya-Vaktra; Mātrā-to-Varṇa Transition

Devanagari script

वक्त्रं नाद्यान्नसौ स्यातां चतुर्थाद्यगणो भवेत् / पथ्यावक्त्रं जेन समे विपरीतादिरन्यथा

Transliteration

vaktraṃ nādyānnasau syātāṃ caturthādyagaṇo bhavet / pathyāvaktraṃ jena same viparītādiranyathā

Translation

冒頭（ヴァクトラ）が初めの群（アーディヤ）に先導されないなら、第四から始まるガナ（gaṇa）が得られる。配列が偶で整っている（same）ときは「正しい冒頭」（パティヤー・ヴァクトラ）と呼び、そうでなければ「逆」（ヴィパリータ）などとする。

Word by Word
वक्त्रम्the opening/initial (pattern)
वक्त्रम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवक्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध-निपातः (negation)
आद्याद्from the first
आद्याद्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; विशेषणम्
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध-निपातः
सौthose two
सौ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन; सर्वनाम (तौ इत्यर्थे वैदिक/छान्दस-रूपम्)
स्याताम्may be/should be
स्याताम्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (अस् धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, द्विवचन
चतुर्थाद्यगणःthe gaṇa beginning with the fourth
चतुर्थाद्यगणः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्थ + आदि + गण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (चतुर्थादिः गणः)
भवेत्should be
भवेत्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (भू धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
पथ्यावक्त्रम्the ‘Pathyā’ opening
पथ्यावक्त्रम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपथ्या + वक्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; कर्मधारयसमासः (पथ्यं वक्त्रम्)
जेनwith the ‘ja’ gaṇa
जेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; छन्दः-गणनाम
समेin the even (pāda)
समे:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; विशेषणम्
विपरीतादिःthe one beginning with ‘viparīta’
विपरीतादिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविपरीत + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (विपरीतः आदिः यस्य)
अन्यथाotherwise
अन्यथा:
Kriya-vishesana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषणम् (adverb: otherwise)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Classification by structural criteria: presence/absence of an initial group determines gaṇa sequence; evenness yields ‘pathyā’ (regular), otherwise ‘viparīta’ (irregular).

Vedantic Theme: vyavasthā (order) and lakṣaṇa (definition) as tools for correct cognition.

Application: In metrical analysis, check whether the vaktra is preceded by the initial gaṇa; then label the pattern as pathyā or viparīta based on even arrangement.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.208.9; Garuda Purana 1.208.12

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

It indicates a ‘regular/standard opening’ pattern for the verse’s metrical arrangement, helping ensure correct chanting and faithful transmission of the text.

It classifies the opening structure of a verse and distinguishes regular (pathyā) from irregular (viparīta) patterns—useful for proper oral recitation during scriptural reading.

When reading or chanting Garuda Purana—especially in ritual contexts—follow the standard metrical opening where applicable and consult a competent reciter for irregular patterns to avoid errors.

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