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Shloka 1

Āryā-Chandas Lakṣaṇa; Gīti-Bheda; Vaitālīya-Vaktra; Mātrā-to-Varṇa Transition

Devanagari script

नाम सप्तोत्तरद्विशततमो ऽध्यायः सूत उवाच / आर्यालक्ष्म त्वष्ट गणाः सदा जो विषमे न हि / षष्ठे जो न्लौ वापि भवेत् पदं षष्ठे द्वितीयलात्

Transliteration

nāma saptottaradviśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ sūta uvāca / āryālakṣma tvaṣṭa gaṇāḥ sadā jo viṣame na hi / ṣaṣṭhe jo nlau vāpi bhavet padaṃ ṣaṣṭhe dvitīyalāt

Translation

スータは言った。「ここに第二百八章が始まる。Āryā（アーリヤー）韻律の標は次のとおりである。ガナ（gaṇa）は常に一定の配列に置かれる。奇数のパーダには ‘jo’ ガナはない。第六位に ‘jo’ があり、第六の足（pada）は ‘nlau’ をも取り得る。後半はその第六位から定まる。」

Word by Word
नामnamely
नाम:
Sambandha (Discourse marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम (अव्यय)
Formनिगमन/प्रस्तावार्थक-अव्यय (particle: ‘namely/indeed’)
सप्तोत्तरद्विशततमःtwo-hundred-and-seventh
सप्तोत्तरद्विशततमः:
Visheshana (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त (संख्या) + उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक) + द्विशत (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + तम (तद्धित)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; अध्याय-विशेषण; अर्थः: द्विशतस्य उत्तरं सप्त, तस्य तमः (207th)
अध्यायःchapter
अध्यायः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
सूतःSūta
सूतः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
आर्याĀryā (metre)
आर्या:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootआर्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; छन्दः-नाम (metre-name)
लक्ष्मcharacteristic/mark (of the metre)
लक्ष्म:
Sambandha (Apposition/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootलक्ष्मन्/लक्ष्म (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-परिभाषा)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; छन्दः-लक्षणवाचक (technical term)
त्वष्टtvaṣṭa (technical metrical term)
त्वष्ट:
Sambandha (Apposition/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootत्वष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-परिभाषा)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; छन्दः-गण/पद-नाम (technical term; as transmitted)
गणाःgaṇas (metrical feet/groups)
गणाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: always)
जः‘ja’ gaṇa
जः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootज (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दः-गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; गण-नाम (ja-gaṇa)
विषमेin the odd (pāda)
विषमे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootविषम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; छन्दः-प्रसङ्गे ‘विषमे (पादे)’
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation)
हिindeed/for
हि:
Sambandha (Emphasis/Reason)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चय/हेतुवाचक-अव्यय (particle: indeed/for)
षष्ठेin the sixth (position)
षष्ठे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootषष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘षष्ठे (स्थाने/गणे)’
जः‘ja’ gaṇa
जः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootज (प्रातिपदिक; गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
नलौ‘na’ and ‘la’ (gaṇas)
नलौ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootन (प्रातिपदिक; गण-नाम) + ल (प्रातिपदिक; गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन; न + ल (द्वन्द्व)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (or)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (also)
भवेत्may be/should occur
भवेत्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
पदम्a pāda/unit
पदम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; छन्दः-प्रसङ्गे ‘पद’ (metrical unit)
षष्ठेin the sixth (place)
षष्ठे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootषष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; पुनरुक्त-स्थाननिर्देश
द्वितीयलात्from the second ‘la’ (position/gaṇa)
द्वितीयलात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक) + ल (प्रातिपदिक; गण-नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; द्वितीयलात् = द्वितीयात् ‘ल’ (स्थान/गण) (तत्पुरुष)
Speaker

Sūta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Āryā-chandas lakṣaṇa: gaṇa arrangement constraints (e.g., restrictions in odd pādas; sixth position allowances) defining metrical correctness.

Vedantic Theme: Śabda as disciplined form; fidelity to tradition through rule-governed expression.

Application: Apply the stated gaṇa constraints when identifying or composing Āryā; check odd pādas for prohibited gaṇa and verify sixth-position patterns.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.208.2 (Āryā variations: pathyā/vipulā); Garuda Purana 1.207.5 (pāda and metre classes)

Characters & Entities
S
Sūta

FAQs

This verse frames the chapter as a technical note on Āryā chandas, helping preserve correct recitation, segmentation (pāda), and the metrical integrity of transmitted verses.

It states a rule-based gaṇa arrangement: the ‘jo’ gaṇa is excluded in odd pādas, while the sixth position has ‘jo’, and an alternative ‘nlau’ may be permitted—guiding how the pādas are scanned.

Use these markers when chanting or digitizing the text: correct pāda breaks and metrical scanning reduce errors in oral recitation, transliteration, and searchable digital editions.

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