Shloka 19

Dṛṣṭānta on Siddhi: Pitṛ-Procedure, Non-Delusion, and Vyākaraṇa Classifications

Devanagari script

द्योदिवौ प्रावृषश्चैव सुमान उष्णिगस्त्रियाम् / गुणद्रव्यक्रियायोगात्स्त्रीलिङ्गांश्च वदामि ते

Transliteration

dyodivau prāvṛṣaścaiva sumāna uṣṇigastriyām / guṇadravyakriyāyogātstrīliṅgāṃśca vadāmi te

Translation

「ディヤウ」と「ディヴ」（天と日）、「プラーヴリシュ」（雨季）、「スマーン」（善き心の者／花咲くもの）、「ウシュニク」（ヴェーダの韻律）は女性名詞として用いられる。さらに、徳（性質）・物質・行為との結びつきによって生じる他の女性形も、汝に説き示そう。

Word by Word

• द्यौः: sky
• द्यौः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• दिवौ: two days/diurnal periods
• दिवौ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन (Dual)

• प्रावृषः: rainy season
• प्रावृषः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रावृष् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• सुमान्: good-minded one; Suman (name/term)
• सुमान्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• उष्णिक्: Uṣṇik (a Vedic metre)
• उष्णिक्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उष्णिक् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• स्त्रियाम्: in the feminine (gender/context)
• स्त्रियाम्: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular)

• गुण: quality
• गुण: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular) (समासाङ्ग)

• द्रव्य: substance
• द्रव्य: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular) (समासाङ्ग)

• क्रिया: action
• क्रिया: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular) (समासाङ्ग)

• योगात्: from association; due to connection
• योगात्: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन (Singular); हेतु/कारणार्थ (from/owing to)

• स्त्रीलिङ्गान्: feminine-gender (words)
• स्त्रीलिङ्गान्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री + लिङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural); तत्पुरुष (strī-liṅga = ‘feminine gender’)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• वदामि: I say/declare
• वदामि: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वद् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन (Singular)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Gender assignment by semantic association (guṇa-dravya-kriyā-yoga): linguistic forms arise from linkage to qualities, substances, and actions.

Vedantic Theme: Interdependence of cognition and language: categories emerge through relational attribution (saṃbandha) rather than intrinsic essence.

Application: When encountering ambiguous gender forms, analyze contextual association (quality/substance/action) to determine correct agreement in Sanskrit composition and exegesis.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: cosmic region

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.206.15; Garuda Purana 1.206.16; Garuda Purana 1.206.17; Garuda Purana 1.206.18

Characters & Entities

• Lord Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of feminine-gender (strīliṅga) classification in this Garuda Purana verse?

This verse preserves a traditional grammatical note: certain words like dyau/div, prāvṛṣ, and uṣṇik are conventionally treated as feminine, helping readers use correct forms in recitation and interpretation.

How does this verse explain the rule ‘guṇa–dravya–kriyā’ in relation to gender?

It indicates that grammatical gender can be guided by semantic association—words connected with qualities (guṇa), substances (dravya), or actions (kriyā) may be treated as feminine by established usage, and the speaker will enumerate such forms.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reference for accurate Sanskrit reading, chanting, and writing—especially when declining nouns and preserving correct traditional usage in Purāṇic study.