Shloka 12

Dṛṣṭānta on Siddhi: Pitṛ-Procedure, Non-Delusion, and Vyākaraṇa Classifications

Devanagari script

तत्कृतश्च तदर्थश्च वृकभीतिश्च यद्धनम् / ज्ञानदक्षेण तत्त्वज्ञो बहुव्रीहिरथाव्ययी

Transliteration

tatkṛtaśca tadarthaśca vṛkabhītiśca yaddhanam / jñānadakṣeṇa tattvajño bahuvrīhirathāvyayī

Translation

「それのために作られたもの、それのために意図されたもの、そして『狼の恐れ』という財（奪われることを恐れて守り置く財）」—真理を知り、分別に巧みな者は、これらを bahuvrīhi（多詞外指）および avyayībhāva（不変複合）として見定める。

Word by Word

• तत्कृतः: done by/for that
• तत्कृतः: Example (उदाहरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तत् (प्रातिपदिक) + कृत (कृ धातु; कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (तस्य कृतः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• तदर्थः: its meaning/purpose
• तदर्थः: Example (उदाहरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (तस्य अर्थः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• वृकभीतिः: fear of a wolf
• वृकभीतिः: Example (उदाहरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृक (प्रातिपदिक) + भीति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (वृकस्य भीतिः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• यत्: which
• यत्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular)

• धनम्: wealth
• धनम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular)

• ज्ञानदक्षेण: by one skilled in knowledge
• ज्ञानदक्षेण: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + दक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; तृतीया-विभक्तिः (Instrumental singular); सप्तमी/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषार्थः (ज्ञान-सम्बद्धः दक्षः)

• तत्त्वज्ञः: knower of reality
• तत्त्वज्ञः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक) + ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (तत्त्वं जानाति)

• बहुव्रीहिः: bahuvrīhi (compound type)
• बहुव्रीहिः: Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक) + व्रीहि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular); समास-भेद-नाम

• अथ: then/now
• अथ: Sambandha (Discourse/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; अनन्तरार्थक/प्रकरणान्तरसूचक (particle: then/now)

• अव्ययी: avyayībhāva (compound type)
• अव्ययी: Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अव्ययीभाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; एकवचनम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative singular); समास-भेद-नाम (अव्ययीभावः)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: A discerning knower identifies certain expressions as bahuvrīhi and avyayībhāva compounds based on semantic relation (made-for, meant-for, fear-guarded wealth).

Vedantic Theme: Viveka (discernment) applied to language; cognition refined by correct semantic parsing.

Application: Train attention to context and implied meaning; in study and communication, distinguish literal from relational/attributive sense.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.206 (continued grammatical taxonomy: samāsa, taddhita, bhāva forms)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of compound analysis (samāsa) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse highlights that precise understanding of meaning depends on recognizing compound formations like bahuvrīhi and avyayībhāva, which prevents misreading dharma-related teachings.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in the Garuda Purana context?

Indirectly: it emphasizes correct comprehension of scripture. In Garuda Purana, clear understanding supports right conduct and correct performance of rites connected with death and the afterlife.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When reading mantras or Purāṇic verses, consult reliable word-splits and meanings; accurate interpretation leads to more informed ethical choices and more correct ritual or devotional practice.