Shloka 16

Atīsāra (Diarrhoea) and Grahaṇī-doṣa: Causes, Prodromal Signs, Doṣa-wise Symptoms, and Major-Disease Status

Devanagari script

सो ऽतिसारो ऽतिसरणा दाशुकारीः स्वभावतः / सामंशीर्णमजीर्णेन जीर्णे पक्वं तु नैव च

Transliteration

so 'tisāro 'tisaraṇā dāśukārīḥ svabhāvataḥ / sāmaṃśīrṇamajīrṇena jīrṇe pakvaṃ tu naiva ca

Translation

この病は、過度の排泄を起こすゆえにアティサーラ（atisāra）と呼ばれ、その性として人を速やかに衰弱させる。āma を伴うものと、半ば分解されたものを未消化のものと共に排し去るが、消化が完了したときには、十分に「熟した」（pakva）整ったものは排出しない。

Word by Word

• सः: that/this (it)
• सः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अतिसारः: diarrhoea
• अतिसारः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतिसार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• अतिसरणा: excessive flowing/passing
• अतिसरणा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अति-सरणा (प्रातिपदिक; अति + सरण)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव (अति + सरण = excessive flowing)

• दाशुकारीः: causing rapid debility/quickly acting
• दाशुकारीः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दाशु-कारी (प्रातिपदिक; दाशु + कारी)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (कारी = causing; दाशु = quickly)

• स्वभावतः: by nature
• स्वभावतः: Sambandha (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वभाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb); 'by nature'

• सामम्: with āma
• सामम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: साम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; विशेषण

• शीर्णम्: broken down/decayed
• शीर्णम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीर्ण (प्रातिपदिक; √शॄ/शृ + क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; क्त-कृदन्त

• अजीर्णेन: by indigestion
• अजीर्णेन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अजीर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• जीर्णे: when (it is) digested
• जीर्णे: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जीर्ण (प्रातिपदिक; √जॄ/जृ + क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; क्त-कृदन्त

• पक्वम्: cooked/ripe (fully processed)
• पक्वम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पक्व (प्रातिपदिक; √पच् + क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; क्त-कृदन्त

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारणार्थक निपात (emphatic)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (continuing instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Naming and defining a condition by its function (excess evacuation) supports correct recognition and response.

Vedantic Theme: Nāma-rūpa analysis applied pragmatically; clarity reduces fear and confusion.

Application: Recognize atisāra by excessive evacuation and rapid debility; assess whether expelled matter is undigested/āma-laden; avoid premature heavy feeding until agni stabilizes.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.157.15 (sāma/nirāma differentiation); Garuda Purana 1.157.18 (systemic symptoms from chronicity)

Characters & Entities

• Āma
• Agni (implied)

FAQs

What is the importance of distinguishing sāma vs. nirāma in Garuda Purana?

The verse indicates that diarrhoea can carry āma and undigested matter; identifying this guides whether the focus should be on digesting āma first or stabilizing the bowels.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

By stressing self-care and restraint in diet, it supports the broader Purāṇic ethic that bodily order aids mental steadiness for dharma and spiritual progress.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

If loose stools follow indigestion and weakness, treat it as an agni/āma imbalance—reduce heavy foods and support digestion before strengthening measures.