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Shloka 23

Madātyaya Nidāna and Lakṣaṇa: Liquor’s Qualities, Tridoṣa Presentations, and Fainting Signs

Devanagari script

पित्तलिङ्गत्वमाद्येन विकृतेहा स्वराज्ञता / विसत्कम्पोतिनिद्रा च सर्वेभ्यो ऽभ्यधिकं श्रमः

Transliteration

pittaliṅgatvamādyena vikṛtehā svarājñatā / visatkampotinidrā ca sarvebhyo 'bhyadhikaṃ śramaḥ

Translation

まず「ピッタ（胆汁・火）」の徴が現れ、ついで意志と振る舞いが歪み、我執のままに振る舞う。さらに震え、眠りの乱れが起こり、あらゆるものに勝る疲労が生じる。

Word by Word
पित्तलिङ्गत्वम्the state/sign of pitta
पित्तलिङ्गत्वम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपित्त + लिङ्गत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (पित्तस्य लिङ्गत्वम्)
आद्येनby the first/initial (one)
आद्येन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (हेतु/साधनभावे)
विकृताdisturbed, altered
विकृता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootविकृत (कृदन्त; वि+कृ धातु, क्त)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त-विशेषणम्
इहाhere
इहा:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
स्वराज्ञताself-rule; autonomy
स्वराज्ञता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वराज्ञता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन
विसत्कम्पोतिनिद्राrestlessness, trembling, startle, and sleepiness
विसत्कम्पोतिनिद्रा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविसत् + कम्प + उत् + निद्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (विसत्/विसर्पणं, कम्पः, उत्(उत्कम्पः), निद्रा)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)
सर्वेभ्यःfrom all (others)
सर्वेभ्यः:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th case), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-शब्दः
अभ्यधिकम्excessive, greater
अभ्यधिकम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअभ्यधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचन; तुलनार्थक-विशेषणम्
श्रमःfatigue
श्रमः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Pitta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Recognizing early bodily and mental signs as diagnostic indicators of humoral disturbance; mind and conduct are affected by bodily imbalance.

Vedantic Theme: Deha–manas sambandha (interdependence of body and mind) and the need for viveka (discernment) regarding changing states.

Application: Observe early warning signs (heat, tremor, insomnia, extreme fatigue, irritability/self-will) and seek balancing regimen before deterioration.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.155.24-27 (dosha-specific fainting signs); Garuda Purana medical/ayurveda sections describing tridosha symptomatology

FAQs

This verse lists characteristic disturbances—pitta dominance, distorted will, trembling, insomnia, and extreme fatigue—used in the Preta Kanda to indicate the body-mind destabilization that can accompany the approach of death and the transition toward the preta state.

By describing the breakdown of normal bodily and mental regulation (sleep, steadiness, and intention), it points to the loosening of the jīva’s connection with the gross body—an early stage in the transition that later texts describe more fully as the soul moves under Yama’s order.

Treat such signs as cues for calm support, dharmic conduct, and timely spiritual preparation—prayer, remembrance of Vishnu, and arranging appropriate last rites—rather than panic or harsh judgment of the person’s behavior.

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