Shloka 9

Arocaka (Loss of Appetite): Nidāna, Doṣa-Lakṣaṇa, and Doṣaja Vomiting (Chardi) Markers

Devanagari script

मखश्वयथुमाधुर्यतन्द्राहृल्लासकासवान् / सर्वैर्लिङ्गैः समापन्नस्त्याज्यो भवति सर्वथा

Transliteration

makhaśvayathumādhuryatandrāhṛllāsakāsavān / sarvairliṅgaiḥ samāpannastyājyo bhavati sarvathā

Translation

悪臭、腫れ、胸やけするほどの甘さ、倦怠、心のざわめき、咳――これらすべての徴に覆われた者は、あらゆる面で完全に避けるべきである。

Word by Word

• मख: nausea/retching (medical)
• मख: Sambandha (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• श्वयथु: swelling
• श्वयथु: Sambandha (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वयथु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• माधुर्य: sweet taste
• माधुर्य: Sambandha (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माधुर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• तन्द्रा: drowsiness
• तन्द्रा: Sambandha (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तन्द्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• हृल्लास: nausea/queasiness
• हृल्लास: Sambandha (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृल्लास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• कास: cough
• कास: Sambandha (Compound member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• वान्: possessing
• वान्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वत् (प्रत्यय; प्रातिपदिक-निर्माण)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; वत्-प्रत्ययान्त (possessive)

• सर्वैः: by all
• सर्वैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Instrumental plural

• लिङ्गैः: signs, symptoms
• लिङ्गैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लिङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Instrumental plural

• समापन्नः: having developed/possessed
• समापन्नः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समापन्न (कृदन्त; √आप् with सम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; past participle ‘endowed/affected’

• त्याज्यः: to be avoided/abandoned
• त्याज्यः: Vidheyavisheshana (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्याज्य (कृदन्त; √त्यज्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण, ‘to be abandoned’ (gerundive)

• भवति: becomes/is
• भवति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Parasmaipada

• सर्वथा: in every way, entirely
• सर्वथा: Visheshana (Adverbial qualifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्वथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Saṅga-tyāga with the severely afflicted: avoidance as a protective duty when signs indicate dangerous/unclean condition.

Vedantic Theme: Viveka (discernment) applied to embodied life; recognition of bodily decay supports detachment and prudent conduct.

Application: If foul odor, swelling, cloying sweetness, lethargy, cardiac agitation, and cough co-occur, treat as high-risk: avoid close contact and seek immediate care.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.153.8 (preceding lakṣaṇas); Garuda Purana 1.153.10 (kṛmija/annaja disorders and associated symptoms); Garuda Purana 1.154.1-2 (hṛdroga nidāna/lakṣaṇa framework)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of bodily signs (liṅga) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse treats certain physical markers as decisive indicators requiring strict avoidance, reflecting the text’s concern with end-of-life/impurity conditions and proper ritual-social conduct.

How does this verse relate to the soul’s journey after death in the Garuda Purana?

By identifying a cluster of ominous signs, it frames the threshold stage around death where conduct and purity rules become emphasized—preparing the narrative context for post-death rites and the preta condition.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Read it as guidance for recognizing serious illness and maintaining appropriate boundaries and hygiene while ensuring compassionate care and timely religious/ethical preparations rather than neglect.