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Shloka 51

Nīti-saṅgraha: Conduct, Association, Kali-yuga Decline, and the Supremacy of Vidyā

Devanagari script

तद्भुज्यते यद्द्विजभुक्तशेषं स बुद्धिमान्यो न करोति पापम् / तत्सौहृदं यक्रियते परोक्षे दम्भैर्विना यः क्रियते स धर्मः

Transliteration

tadbhujyate yaddvijabhuktaśeṣaṃ sa buddhimānyo na karoti pāpam / tatsauhṛdaṃ yakriyate parokṣe dambhairvinā yaḥ kriyate sa dharmaḥ

Translation

二生者（ブラーフマナ）が食した後の残りをいただく者こそ賢者であり、その人は罪を犯さない。また、相手の不在において示される友情と、偽りなく行われる振る舞い——それのみが真のダルマである。

Word by Word
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; अत्र कर्म-निर्देशे (that)
भुज्यतेis eaten
भुज्यते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/वर्तमान), कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive/कर्मणि), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
यत्which
यत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रयोगः (relative)
द्विजभुक्तशेषम्the remainder eaten by a brahmin
द्विजभुक्तशेषम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक) + भुक्त (भुज्-धातोः क्त) + शेष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (द्विजेन भुक्तस्य शेषः)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
बुद्धिमान्wise person
बुद्धिमान्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक) + मतुप् (प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त (possessive)
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रयोगः (relative)
नnot
न:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात (negation particle)
करोतिdoes, commits
करोति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/वर्तमान), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
पापम्sin
पापम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
तत्that
तत्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन
सौहृदम्friendship, goodwill
सौहृदम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसौहृद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन
यत्which
यत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रयोगः
क्रियतेis done
क्रियते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/वर्तमान), कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive/कर्मणि), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
परोक्षेin absence, behind one’s back
परोक्षे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपरोक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; अधिकरणार्थे
दम्भैःwith hypocrisy, pretence
दम्भैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootदम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन
विनाwithout
विना:
Relation (वियोग/अपवर्जन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना (अव्यय)
Formउपपद-अव्यय (preposition), वियोगार्थे; तृतीया-सहयोगः
यःwhich/that (he who)
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रयोगः
क्रियतेis done
क्रियते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/वर्तमान), कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive/कर्मणि), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
सःthat
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Predicate (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: True dharma is sincerity: honoring the worthy, avoiding sin through humble conduct, and practicing friendship and duty without hypocrisy.

Vedantic Theme: Antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi through nirmalatā (non-duplicity); dharma as alignment of inner intention and outer act.

Application: Practice integrity when unobserved; avoid performative virtue; cultivate loyalty and kindness that persists in others’ absence.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: shringara

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.115.49 (avoid corrupting association); Garuda Purana 1.115.52 (elders, truth, and dharma)

Characters & Entities
D
Dvija (twice-born/Brāhmaṇa)

FAQs

This verse defines true dharma as conduct performed without pretence—inner sincerity matters more than outward display.

By linking sinlessness with humility and sincere conduct, it implies that ethical purity (free from deceit) supports a favorable post-death trajectory governed by one’s karma.

Practice integrity when no one is watching, speak well of others in their absence, and avoid performative religiosity—make dharma a private truth, not a public show.

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