Shloka 3
Kṛṣṇa Swallows the Forest Fire (Dāvāgni-līlā) and Restores the Herd
Devanagari script
तेऽपश्यन्त: पशून् गोपा: कृष्णरामादयस्तदा । जातानुतापा न विदुर्विचिन्वन्तो गवां गतिम् ॥ ३ ॥
Transliteration
te ’paśyantaḥ paśūn gopāḥ kṛṣṇa-rāmādayas tadā jātānutāpā na vidur vicinvanto gavāṁ gatim
Translation
前方に牛たちが見えなくなると、クリシュナとラーマ、そして牧童たちは、世話を怠ったことを突然悔いた。彼らは四方を探したが、牛がどこへ行ったか分からなかった。
Synonyms
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा (1st/Nominative) बहुवचनम्; सर्वनाम (pronoun)
अपश्यन्तःdid not see
अपश्यन्तः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकारः (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), बहुवचनम्; नकारार्थे ‘न’ विना—‘they did not see’
पशून्the animals (cows/cattle)
पशून्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपशु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative) बहुवचनम्
गोपाःthe cowherd boys
गोपाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगोपा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा (1st/Nominative) बहुवचनम्
कृष्ण-राम-आदयःKṛṣṇa, Rāma, and others
कृष्ण-राम-आदयः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + राम (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा (1st/Nominative) बहुवचनम्; समाहार/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (copulative: ‘Kṛṣṇa and Rāma and others’)
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्ययम् (temporal adverb)
जात-अनुतापाःhaving become distressed
जात-अनुतापाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootजात (कृदन्त; √जन्) + अनुताप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा (1st/Nominative) बहुवचनम्; षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भावे तत्पुरुषः—‘arisen (jāta) remorse/heat (anutāpa)’ = ‘having become distressed’
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation to verb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्ययम् (negation particle)
विदुःknew
विदुः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकारः (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), बहुवचनम्
विचिन्वन्तःsearching
विचिन्वन्तः:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent; participial)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + चि (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्तः (present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा बहुवचनम्; परस्मैपदी-भावः; ‘searching’
गवाम्of the cows
गवाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessive)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे षष्ठी (6th/Genitive) बहुवचनम्
गतिम्the path/whereabouts
गतिम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootगति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative) एकवचनम्
Characters & Entities
K
KrishnaB
BalaramaG
Gopas (cowherd boys)FAQs
Because they could not see their cows/animals and, not knowing where they had gone, anxiety arose while they searched for them.
Śukadeva Gosvāmī narrates this verse to Mahārāja Parīkṣit as part of the Vraja-līlā account in Canto 10.
When responsibility and uncertainty create anxiety, one should respond with steady, purposeful effort—like the gopas searching together—while keeping faith in Kṛṣṇa’s guiding presence.