Shloka 60

Devanagari script

मामवज्ञाय दुष्टात्मा यस्मादेष सखा तव । धर्षणां कृतवानेतां पश्यतस्ते धनेश्वर

Transliteration

mām avajñāya duṣṭātmā yasmād eṣa sakhā tava | dharṣaṇāṁ kṛtavān etāṁ paśyatas te dhaneśvara ||

Translation

“Because this wicked-souled man—your friend—first slighted me, he went so far as to commit this outrage while you, O Lord of Wealth, looked on.”

Word by Word

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: common, accusative, singular

• अवज्ञाय: having disregarded/insulted
• Type: Verb
• Root: अवज्ञा (अव + ज्ञा)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage), non-finite

• दुष्टात्मा: the wicked-souled one
• दुष्टात्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुष्टात्मन्
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• यस्मात्: because of which/for that reason
• यस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, ablative, singular

• एषः: this (man)
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• सखा: friend
• सखा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• तव: of you/your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: common, genitive, singular

• धर्षणाम्: outrage/violation (assault)
• धर्षणाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्षणा
• Form: feminine, accusative, singular

• कृतवान्: has done/committed
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्तवत् (past active participle), masculine, nominative, singular

• एताम्: this (f.)
• एताम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: feminine, accusative, singular

• पश्यतः: while (you were) seeing; in the presence of (you) seeing
• पश्यतः: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: पश्यत् (from √दृश्)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), masculine, genitive, singular

• ते: of you/your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: common, genitive, singular

• धन-ईश्वर: O lord of wealth (O king)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनेश्वर
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

धनेश्वर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• धनेश्वर (Dhaneśvara, addressed as 'Lord of Wealth')
• सखा (the friend of the addressee; unnamed in this verse)
• दुष्टात्मा (the wicked person; unnamed in this verse)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights ethical responsibility: contempt and unchecked arrogance can lead to grave wrongdoing, and a powerful witness who merely ‘looks on’ is implicated through passivity. It underscores that dharma includes resisting injustice, not only avoiding it.

What is happening in the narrative?

The speaker accuses an unnamed ‘wicked’ person—identified as the addressee’s friend—of first insulting the speaker and then committing an outrage, emphasizing that it occurred openly while the addressee (addressed as Dhaneśvara, ‘Lord of Wealth’) was present and watching.