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Shloka 22

Saṃsāra-Gahana Allegory: The Brāhmaṇa in the Forest and Well (संसारगहन-आख्यान)

व्यालैश्व वनदुर्गान्ति स्त्रिया च परमोग्रया । कूपाधस्ताच्च नागेन वीनाहे कुज्जरेण च,जिस वृक्षके सहारे वह लटका हुआ है, उसे काले और सफेद चूहे निरन्तर काट रहे हैं। पहले तो उसे वनके दुर्गम प्रदेशके भीतर ही अनेक सर्पोंसे भय है, दूसरा भय सीमापर खड़ी हुई उस भयंकर स्त्रीसे है, तीसरा कुँएके नीचे बैठे हुए नागसे है, चौथा कुँएके मुखबन्धके पास खड़े हुए हाथीसे है और पाँचवाँ भय चूहोंके काट देनेपर उस वृक्षसे गिर जानेका है। इनके सिवा, मधुके लोभसे मधुमक्खियोंकी ओरसे जो उसको महान्‌ भय प्राप्त होनेवाला है, वह छठा भय बताया गया है

vyālaiś ca vanadurgānti striyā ca paramograyā | kūpādhas tāc ca nāgena vīnāhe kuñjareṇa ca ||

Vidura continues the allegory of a man trapped in peril: he is hemmed in by dangers on every side—fear of serpents in the impassable forest, fear of a terrifying woman standing at the boundary, fear of the great serpent lurking at the bottom of the well, and fear of the elephant stationed near the well’s mouth. The image teaches how a person absorbed in worldly craving is surrounded by unavoidable threats, yet still clings to fleeting pleasures instead of seeking the path of wisdom and restraint.

व्यालैःby/with serpents (wild beasts)
व्यालैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootव्याल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वनदुर्गात्from the forest-fastness / difficult forest region
वनदुर्गात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवनदुर्ग
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
स्त्रियाby/with a woman
स्त्रिया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परमोग्रयाby/with the exceedingly fierce (one)
परमोग्रया:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरमोग्र
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
कूपाधस्तात्below the well
कूपाधस्तात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकूपाधस्तात्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नागेनby/with a serpent
नागेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वीनाहेat/on the well-mouth / rim (reading uncertain)
वीनाहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवीनाह
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कुज्जरेणby/with an elephant
कुज्जरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकुज्जर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
V
vyāla (dangerous beasts/serpents)
V
vana-durga (inaccessible forest)
P
paramograyā strī (terrifying woman)
K
kūpa (well)
N
nāga (serpent at the bottom)
K
kuñjara (elephant near the mouth of the well)

Educational Q&A

Worldly life, driven by craving, is surrounded by multiple inevitable dangers; wisdom lies in recognizing the trap and cultivating restraint and detachment rather than chasing fleeting pleasures amid constant threats.

Vidura describes an allegorical scene of a person trapped in a perilous setting: dangers press from the forest, a fearsome woman at the boundary, a serpent below in the well, and an elephant at the well’s mouth—illustrating how a person in saṃsāra is beset on all sides.