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Shloka 1

Saṃsāra-gahana-jñāna: Vidura’s Account of Embodiment, Bondage, and Dharmic Release (संसारगहन-ज्ञानम्)

अपना बछ। अर: चतुथों5 ध्याय: दुःखमय संसारके गहन स्वरूपका वर्णन और उससे छूटनेका उपाय धृतराष्ट उवाच कथं संसारगहन विज्ञेयं वदतां वर | एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं तत््वमाख्याहि पृच्छत:,धृतराष्ट्रने पूछा--वक्ताओंमें श्रेष्ठ विदुरर! इस गहन संसारके स्वरूपका ज्ञान कैसे हो? यह मैं सुनना चाहता हूँ। मेरे प्रश्नके अनुसार तुम इस विषयका यथार्थरूपसे वर्णन करो

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | kathaṃ saṃsāragahanaṃ vijñeyaṃ vadatāṃ vara | etad icchāmy ahaṃ śrotuṃ tattvam ākhyāhi pṛcchataḥ ||

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “O best among speakers, how is one to truly understand this dense and bewildering thicket of worldly existence? I wish to hear this. As I ask, explain to me the reality of it clearly.”

धृतराष्ट्रःDhṛtarāṣṭra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
संसारगहनम्the deep/inscrutable thicket of saṃsāra
संसारगहनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंसारगहन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विज्ञेयम्is to be known / should be understood
विज्ञेयम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, तव्यत् (gerundive), Passive sense
वदताम्of (those) speaking
वदताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural, शतृ (present active participle)
वरO best (one)
वर:
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छामिI wish/desire
इच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
तत्त्वम्the truth / reality
तत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आख्याहिtell / explain
आख्याहि:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-ख्या
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
पृच्छतःof (me) asking / of the questioner
पृच्छतः:
TypeNoun
Rootपृच्छ्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
V
Vidura (implied by 'vadatāṃ vara')
S
Saṃsāra

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic inquiry: true liberation-oriented wisdom begins with recognizing saṃsāra as a confusing entanglement and seeking tattva (reality) from a trustworthy, discerning teacher.

In the aftermath of the war’s devastation, Dhṛtarāṣṭra turns to a renowned counselor (Vidura) and asks for a clear explanation of the nature of worldly bondage and how it can be rightly understood.