Shloka 19

रथर्षभाणां सर्वेषां कथमासीत्‌ तदा मन: । बालं त्वां परिवार्यक॑ मम दुःखाय जघ्नुषाम्‌,“आप बालक थे और अकेले युद्ध कर रहे थे तो भी मुझे दुःख देनेके लिये जिन लोगोंने मिलकर आपको मारा था, उन समस्त श्रेष्ठ महारथियोंके मनकी उस समय क्‍या दशा हुई थी?

ratharṣabhāṇāṁ sarveṣāṁ katham āsīt tadā manaḥ | bālaṁ tvāṁ parivārya kaṁ mama duḥkhāya jaghnuṣām ||

Vaiśampāyana said: “What was the state of mind, at that time, of all those foremost chariot-warriors—who, to my sorrow, surrounded you though you were but a boy and struck you down?”

रथर्षभाणाम्of the best of chariot-warriors
रथर्षभाणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथर्षभ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
कथम्how
कथम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
मनःmind (state of mind)
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
बालम्a boy; young
बालम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परिवार्यhaving surrounded
परिवार्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + वृ
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
ममof me; to me
मम:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
दुःखायfor (my) sorrow
दुःखाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
जघ्नुषाम्of those who had slain
जघ्नुषाम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formक्वसु (perfect active participle), Masculine, Genitive, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
T
the slain boy (Abhimanyu implied)
R
ratharṣabhas (foremost chariot-warriors; collective)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral inquiry into wartime conduct: even celebrated warriors are judged by their inner intention and conscience when they commit an act seen as dishonorable—killing a lone, youthful fighter by surrounding him.

Vaiśampāyana reports a question about the Kurukṣetra war episode where leading chariot-warriors collectively encircled and killed a young combatant (understood as Abhimanyu). The speaker asks what those warriors were thinking and feeling at that moment.