Shloka 18

Devanagari script

ततस्त्वापततस्तस्य तव पुत्रो जनाधिप

Transliteration

tatastvāpatatastasya tava putro janādhipa

Translation

Sañjaya said: “Then, as he rushed upon him in attack, your son, O lord of men, …” (The line sets the battlefield scene: the prince’s impetuous charge is framed as a decisive moment in the unfolding moral and strategic consequences of war.)

Word by Word

• ततः: then; thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from there/then')

• त्वा: you (object)
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: 2nd person pronoun, accusative, singular

• आपततः: of (him) attacking / rushing upon
• आपततः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + पत्
• Form: present active participle (शतृ), masculine/neuter genitive singular (agreeing with तस्य): 'of (him) who is rushing/attacking'

• तस्य: of him / his
• तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: demonstrative pronoun, genitive, singular (masculine/neuter)

• तव: your
• तव: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: 2nd person pronoun, genitive, singular

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• जनाधिप: O lord of men (king)
• जनाधिप: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनाधिप
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address janādhipa and 'your son')
• tava putraḥ (your son; the Kaurava prince, contextually Duryodhana)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse foregrounds how a ruler’s lineage and choices are inseparable from the ethical weight of war: a prince’s aggressive advance is not merely tactical but part of a chain of consequences borne by the king and the realm.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues his report to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, describing a moment when Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son charges at an opponent; the sentence is mid-flow, introducing the action that follows in the next lines.