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Shloka 98

Sauptika Parva, Adhyaya 8 — Dhṛṣṭadyumna-vadha and the Camp’s Nocturnal Rout

गजा गजानतिक्रम्य निर्मनुष्या हया हयान्‌

gajā gajān atikramya nirmanuṣyā hayā hayān

Sañjaya said: The elephants, surging past other elephants, and the horses, rushing beyond other horses, moved on—so that the scene seemed emptied of men, as if human presence had vanished amid the stampede and confusion of the night’s slaughter.

गजाःelephants
गजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गजान्elephants
गजान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अतिक्रम्यhaving overstepped / having passed beyond
अतिक्रम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
निर्मनुष्याःdevoid of men (riderless/without people)
निर्मनुष्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मनुष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हयाःhorses
हयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
गज (elephants)
हय (horses)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the dehumanizing momentum of war: once violence erupts, even mighty war-animals move in blind panic, and human agency seems to disappear. Ethically, it hints at how adharma in battle produces chaos where life is trampled without discernment.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield scene in the Sauptika episode: elephants and horses, in confusion and terror, rush past one another. The camp/battlefield appears ‘without men’—suggesting widespread death, flight, or the inability to distinguish people amid the tumult.