Shloka 51

ततो<पश्यन्महात्मा स स्वसैन्यं भूशदु:खितम्‌ । ततो<वस्थाप्य राजेन्द्र कृतबुद्धिस्तवात्मज:

tato ’paśyan mahātmā sa svasainyaṃ bhūśa-duḥkhitam | tato ’vasthāpya rājendra kṛtabuddhis tavātmajaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Then that great-souled warrior, seeing his own army plunged into intense distress, steadied himself again. O best of kings, your son, having made up his mind, took his stand—resolute amid the suffering of his troops.

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from there/then')
अपश्यत्saw
अपश्यत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular
महात्माthe great-souled one
महात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, nominative singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, nominative singular
स्वसैन्यम्his own army
स्वसैन्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वसैन्य
FormNeuter, accusative singular
भूशदुःखितम्afflicted with great sorrow
भूशदुःखितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभूशदुःखित
FormNeuter, accusative singular (agreeing with स्वसैन्यम्)
ततःthen
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya
अवस्थाप्यhaving stationed/arrayed
अवस्थाप्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootअव-स्था
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय), having stationed/placed
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, vocative singular
कृतबुद्धिःresolved/with mind made up
कृतबुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतबुद्धि
FormMasculine, nominative singular
तवyour
तव:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive singular
आत्मजःson
आत्मजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मज
FormMasculine, nominative singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
T
tava ātmajaḥ (Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son, i.e., Duryodhana)
K
Kaurava army (svasainyam)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the burden of leadership in war: a ruler must face the visible suffering of his own forces and yet act with firm resolve. Ethically, it underscores how determination can persist even amid collective pain—inviting reflection on whether such resolve serves dharma or merely ambition.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son, seeing his army in severe distress, regains composure and takes a determined stand, preparing to continue the course of battle.