Shloka 45
Devanagari script
योधा: सर्वे महाराज तावका: प्राद्रवन् भयात् | महाराज! इस प्रकार जब जगतमें अँधेरा छा गया और भूतलपर धूल-ही-धूल उड़ने लगी, तब आपके समस्त योद्धा भयभीत होकर भाग गये ।। ४४ ई ।। सम्भज्यमाने सैन्ये तु कुरुराजो विशाम्पते
Transliteration
yodhāḥ sarve mahārāja tāvakāḥ prādravan bhayāt |
Translation
Sañjaya said: “O great king, all your warriors, seized by fear, fled. As darkness spread and dust rose thick over the earth, the Kaurava host lost its steadiness and broke into flight—showing how terror in battle can dissolve even a mighty army’s resolve.”
Word by Word
योधाःwarriors
योधाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तावकाःyour (men)
तावकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राद्रवन्ran away / fled
प्राद्रवन्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + द्रु
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
सम्भज्यमानेwhile (it) was being broken/put to rout (i.e., as the army was being shattered)
सम्भज्यमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + भज्
FormPresent passive participle (Śatṛ/Śānac in passive sense; -माने form), Neuter, Locative, Singular
सैन्येin the army
सैन्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
कुरुराजःthe king of the Kurus
कुरुराजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुराज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaD
DhṛtarāṣṭraK
Kaurava warriors (tāvakāḥ yodhāḥ)Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes