Shloka 40

Devanagari script

ते सर्वे तावकान प्रेक्ष्य द्रयतो5पि पराड्मुखान्‌

Transliteration

te sarve tāvakān prekṣya dravatopi parāṅmukhān

Translation

Sañjaya said: Seeing all your men turning their backs and fleeing in haste, he took note of their rout—an image of how fear and disorder can undo an army when resolve and discipline collapse.

Word by Word

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तावकान्: your men (your side's warriors)
• तावकान्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: तावक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• प्रेक्ष्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + ईक्ष्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• द्रवत: running, fleeing
• द्रवत: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्रवत्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अपि: also/even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• पराङ्मुखान्: turned away, facing away (with backs turned)
• पराङ्मुखान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पराङ्मुख
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s troops (Kaurava army)