Shloka 19

Śalya Appointed as Karṇa’s Sārathi; Discourse on Praise, Blame, and Beneficial Counsel (कर्णस्य शल्यसारथ्यं तथा स्तवनिन्दाविचारः)

Devanagari script

प्रद्रुतं च रथ॑ दृष्टवा धृष्टद्युम्नस्य मारिष

Transliteration

pradrutaṃ ca rathaṃ dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnasya māriṣa

Translation

Sañjaya said: “O venerable one, seeing the chariot of Dhṛṣṭadyumna rushing forward…”.

Word by Word

• प्रद्रुतम्: fled, running away
• प्रद्रुतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रद्रुत (प्र + द्रु धातु; क्त)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund)

• धृष्टद्युम्नस्य: of Dhrishtadyumna
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• मारिष: O venerable one / O sir
• Type: Noun
• Root: मारिष
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• ratha (chariot)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The line underscores the immediacy of battlefield perception and response: in war, swift movement and clear observation shape action, reflecting the kṣatriya context where duty is carried out amid rapidly changing circumstances.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the listener that he saw Dhṛṣṭadyumna’s chariot charging forward, setting up the next description of ensuing movements and engagements in the battle.