Shloka 14

व्यावर्तये रथं तूर्ण नदीवेगमिवार्णवात्‌

vyāvartaye rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ nadīvegam ivārṇavāt

Sañjaya said: “I swiftly turned the chariot back, as one would divert a rushing river-current away from the ocean.” The line underscores urgent, decisive action in the midst of war—an attempt to redirect an overpowering momentum before it becomes irreversible.

व्यावर्तयेI turn back / I wheel around
व्यावर्तये:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootव्यावर्तय् (√वृत् caus.)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), उत्तम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
तूर्णम्swiftly
तूर्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्ण
नदीवेगम्the river’s current
नदीवेगम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनदीवेग
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अर्णवात्from the ocean
अर्णवात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्णव
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
ratha (chariot)
N
nadī (river)
Ā
ārṇava (ocean/sea)

Educational Q&A

Even amid overwhelming forces—like a river rushing to the sea—timely and resolute intervention can redirect events. The verse highlights human agency and strategic decisiveness in a moral and martial crisis.

Sañjaya reports a rapid maneuver: the chariot is turned back at once. The simile of diverting a river-current from the ocean conveys both speed and the difficulty of reversing a powerful course once it has gathered momentum.