Shloka 12

ब्राह्म॒णा: क्षत्रिया वैश्या यं शिष्या: पर्युपासते । द्रोणपुत्रं महेष्वासं पुत्राणां मे परायणम्‌,सूत संजय! मेरे पुत्रोंके परम आश्रय जिस महाथनुर्थर द्रोणपुत्र अश्वत्थामाकी ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय और वैश्य सभी जातियोंके शिष्य उपासना (निकट रहकर सेवा) करते रहे हैं, जो वितण्डावाद, भाषण, पारस्परिक बातचीत, द्रुतस्वरमें बजाये हुए वाद्योंके शब्दों तथा भाँति- भाँतिके अभीष्ट गीतोंसे दिन-रात मन बहलाया करता था, जिसके पास बहुत-से कौरव, पाण्डव और सात्वतवंशी वीर बैठा करते थे, उस अश्वत्थामाके घरमें आज पहलेके समान हर्षसूचक शब्द नहीं हो रहा है

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyā yaṁ śiṣyāḥ paryupāsate | droṇaputraṁ maheṣvāsaṁ putrāṇāṁ me parāyaṇam, sūta sañjaya |

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “O Sūta Sañjaya, that great archer, Droṇa’s son—Aśvatthāmā—who is the supreme refuge of my sons, whom disciples from among brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, and vaiśyas attend upon with devoted service—(tell me of him).”

ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैश्याःVaishyas
वैश्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शिष्याःstudents, disciples
शिष्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पर्युपासतेattend upon, serve closely
पर्युपासते:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-उप-आस्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
द्रोणपुत्रम्Drona's son (Ashvatthama)
द्रोणपुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोणपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महेष्वासम्great archer
महेष्वासम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहेष्वास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुत्राणाम्of (my) sons
पुत्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
परायणम्supreme refuge, ultimate support
परायणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरायण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सूतO charioteer (Sanjaya's epithet in address)
सूत:
TypeNoun
Rootसूत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
संजयO Sanjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Sañjaya
D
Droṇa
A
Aśvatthāmā
B
brāhmaṇas
K
kṣatriyas
V
vaiśyas
D
disciples (śiṣyāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights reliance on power and reputation—Dhṛtarāṣṭra sees Aśvatthāmā as the ‘supreme refuge’ of his sons—raising an ethical contrast between seeking security in martial strength versus grounding oneself in dharma and right counsel.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra questions Sañjaya about Aśvatthāmā, describing him as a renowned great archer served by disciples from multiple social orders, and as the principal support of the Kauravas—signaling the king’s anxious attention to the state of his side’s key warrior.