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Shloka 12

द्रोण–सात्यकि द्वैरथम्

Droṇa and Sātyaki: The Chariot Duel

ततो दौ:शासनि: क्षिप्रं तथा तैर्विरथीकृतम्‌ । संशयं परमं प्राप्य दिष्टान्तेनाभ्ययोजयत्‌,तत्पश्चात्‌ दुःशासनपुत्रने अभिमन्युके प्रहारसे भारी प्राणसंकटमें पड़कर पूर्वोक्त महारथियोंद्वारा रथहीन किये हुए अभिमन्युको शीघ्र ही (गदाके आघातसे) मार डाला

tato dauḥśāsaniḥ kṣipraṃ tathā tair virathīkṛtam | saṃśayaṃ paramaṃ prāpya diṣṭāntenābhyayojayat |

Then Duḥśāsana’s son, seeing Abhimanyu swiftly stripped of his chariot by those warriors, fell into grave uncertainty and, driven by fate, pressed the attack. Thereafter, Duḥśāsana’s son struck the chariotless Abhimanyu down with a mace, killing him while he was in extreme peril—an act that underscores the collapse of warrior-ethics when a lone fighter is overwhelmed by many.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
दौःशासनिḥDuhshasana’s (son/descendant), the son of Duhshasana
दौःशासनिḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदौःशासनि (दुःशासन-सम्बन्धी)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
क्षिप्रम्quickly
क्षिप्रम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्षिप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण)
तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
तैःby them
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
विरथीकृतम्made chariotless, deprived of his chariot
विरथीकृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविरथीकृ (धातु: कृ + उपसर्ग/उपपद विरथी)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (कर्मणि भूतकृदन्त, -क्त)
संशयम्doubt, uncertainty
संशयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
परमम्great, extreme
परमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
प्राप्यhaving reached/attained
प्राप्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + आप् (धातु: आप्)
Formअव्यय (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया
दिष्टान्तेनby fate, by destiny
दिष्टान्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदिष्टान्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
अभ्ययोजयत्he engaged/attacked/assailed
अभ्ययोजयत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + युज् (धातु: युज्)
Formलङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

युधिछिर उवाच

D
Duḥśāsana
D
Duḥśāsana’s son (Dauḥśāsaniḥ)
A
Abhimanyu
M
mace (gadā)
C
chariot (ratha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in war, ethical restraints (dharma-yuddha norms such as fair combat) can collapse under fear and opportunism; it also frames the event as propelled by diṣṭa (fate), inviting reflection on responsibility even amid destiny.

Abhimanyu has already been made chariotless by multiple opponents; Duḥśāsana’s son then closes in and kills him with a mace while he is vulnerable, marking the climactic injustice of Abhimanyu’s last stand in the cakravyūha episode.