Shloka 18

दृष्टवा क्षातृश्व पुत्रांक्ष विमना वानरध्वज: । अपश्यंश्वैव सौभद्रमिदं वचनमत्रवीत्‌,भाइयों तथा पुत्रोंको इस अवस्थामें देख और सुभद्राकुमार अभिमन्युको वहाँ न पाकर कपिध्वज अर्जुनका मन अत्यन्त उदास हो गया तथा वे इस प्रकार बोले--

dṛṣṭvā kṣātrṛśva-putrāṃś ca vimanā vānara-dhvajaḥ | apaśyaṃś caiva saubhadram idaṃ vacanam abravīt ||

Sanjaya said: Seeing the sons of Kṣātrṛśva and others in such a condition, the monkey-bannered Arjuna became deeply distressed; and, not seeing Saubhadra (Abhimanyu), he spoke these words. The moment underscores the warrior’s ethical burden in war: grief for fallen kin and anxiety for the vulnerable, even amid duty-bound combat.

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
क्षात्रियान्the Kshatriyas/warriors
क्षात्रियान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षात्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पुत्रान्sons
पुत्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विमनाःdejected, downcast
विमनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविमनस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वानरध्वजःhe whose banner is a monkey (Arjuna)
वानरध्वजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवानरध्वज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपश्यत्did not see / saw not
अपश्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सौभद्रम्the son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu)
सौभद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौभद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचनम्speech, words
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
A
Arjuna (Vānara-dhvaja/Kapidhvaja)
A
Abhimanyu (Saubhadra)
S
Subhadrā
K
Kṣātrṛśva (and his sons)

Educational Q&A

Even a dharma-bound warrior is not emotionally untouched: righteous duty in war coexists with sorrow for kin and urgent concern for those under one’s protection. The verse highlights the ethical weight of responsibility and the human cost of conflict.

Sanjaya reports that Arjuna, seeing the fallen/afflicted warriors (including the sons of Kṣātrṛśva) and not finding Abhimanyu on the field, becomes deeply distressed and begins to speak—setting up Arjuna’s reaction to Abhimanyu’s fate.