Shloka 40

Droṇasya raudra-prayogaḥ

Droṇa’s intensified assault and the Pāṇḍava response

Devanagari script

एते चान्ये च बहव: प्रादुरासन्‌ सुदारुणा:

Transliteration

ete cānye ca bahavaḥ prādurāsan sudāruṇāḥ

Translation

Sañjaya said: “These, and many others besides, appeared—terrible and ominous in their aspect.”

Word by Word

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• बहवः: many
• बहवः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रादुरासन्: appeared, manifested
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + आदृ (आदृ/आदृश्) → प्रादुर् + अस्
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural

• सुदारुणाः: very dreadful/terrible
• सुदारुणाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु + दारुण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores how, in the midst of adharma-driven conflict, dreadful manifestations and omens multiply—suggesting moral disorder and the heavy consequences that accompany war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues his report to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, noting that many more terrifying appearances (likely ominous signs or dreadful phenomena) became visible, intensifying the atmosphere of impending calamity.