Shloka 86

शरभं पृष्ठसौवर्ण नकुलस्य महाध्वजम्‌ । अपश्याम रथे>त्युग्रं भीषयाणमवस्थितम्‌,नकुलकी विशाल ध्वजा शरभके चिह्नसे युक्त तथा पृष्ठभागमें सुवर्णमयी है। हमने देखा, वह अत्यन्त भयंकर रूपसे उनके रथपर फहराती और सबको भयभीत करती थी

śarabhaṃ pṛṣṭha-sauvarṇaṃ nakulasya mahā-dhvajam | apaśyāma rathe 'tyugraṃ bhīṣayāṇam avasthitam ||

Sañjaya said: “We beheld Nakula’s great banner—marked with the śarabha and adorned with gold upon its back—standing aloft on his chariot. Fierce in appearance, it fluttered there as a sign of his martial resolve, striking fear into the opposing ranks.”

शरभम्a śarabha (mythic beast) (as emblem)
शरभम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पृष्ठसौवर्णम्golden on the back / with a golden back
पृष्ठसौवर्णम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपृष्ठसौवर्ण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नकुलस्यof Nakula
नकुलस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनकुल
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
महाध्वजम्the great banner/standard
महाध्वजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहाध्वज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपश्यामwe saw
अपश्याम:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), First, Plural, Parasmaipada
रथेon/in the chariot
रथे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उग्रम्fierce, terrible
उग्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भीषयाणम्frightening (others)
भीषयाणम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootभीषयत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, Śatṛ (present active participle)
अवस्थितम्standing, stationed, situated
अवस्थितम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootअवस्था (अव + स्था)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, Kta (past passive participle)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
N
Nakula
C
chariot (ratha)
G
great banner/standard (mahādhvaja)
Ś
Śarabha emblem (śarabha-cihna)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how outward symbols—like a warrior’s banner—serve ethical and strategic functions in a dharma-yuddha setting: they proclaim identity, resolve, and legitimacy, and they can influence morale by inspiring allies and intimidating opponents.

Sañjaya describes to Dhṛtarāṣṭra the sight of Nakula’s chariot-standard: a great banner bearing the śarabha emblem with golden adornment, standing on the chariot and appearing so fierce that it terrifies the enemy.