Shloka 1

Devanagari script

संजय कहते हैं--महाराज! अर्जुनकी यह बात सुनकर वहाँ बैठे हुए सब महारथी मौन रह गये। उनसे प्रिय या अप्रिय कुछ नहीं बोले

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca—mahārāja! arjunasya etad vacanaṃ śrutvā tatra niṣaṇṇāḥ sarve mahārathāḥ tūṣṇīṃ babhūvuḥ; te tasya priyaṃ vā apriyaṃ vā kiñcid api na ūcuḥ.

Translation

Sanjaya said: O great king, on hearing Arjuna’s words, all the great chariot-warriors seated there fell silent. They spoke nothing to him—neither what would please nor what would displease—revealing the moral weight of the moment and the restraint demanded amid the turmoil of war.

Word by Word

• संजयः: Sanjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• अर्जुनस्य: of Arjuna
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वचनम्: statement/words
• वचनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• उपविष्टाः: seated
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-विश्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• महारथाः: great warriors
• महारथाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मौनम्: silence
• मौनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मौन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अगच्छन्: went into/entered (became)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: Imperfect (Anadyatana-bhuta), Third, Plural

• तेभ्यः: to them
• तेभ्यः: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Plural

• प्रियम्: pleasant (thing/word)
• प्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अप्रियम्: unpleasant (thing/word)
• अप्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अप्रिय
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• किञ्चित्: anything
• किञ्चित्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अब्रुवन्: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect (Anadyatana-bhuta), Third, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Mahārāja (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
• Arjuna
• mahārathas (great warriors)