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Shloka 32

यो हानाथ इवाक्रम्य पार्षतेन हतस्तथा

yo hānātha ivākramya pārṣatena hatas tathā

Arjuna said: “He who, as though helpless and without a protector, was overpowered and then slain in that manner by the son of Pṛṣat—this is what has happened.” The line conveys Arjuna’s moral shock at a killing carried out when the victim appeared effectively defenseless, raising the ethical tension between battlefield necessity and the warrior code that condemns striking one who cannot properly resist.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हाalas!
हा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा
अनाथःhelpless, without protector
अनाथः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनाथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आक्रम्यhaving attacked/assailed, having advanced upon
आक्रम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-क्रम्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
पार्षतेनby the son of Pārṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)
पार्षतेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्षत
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हतःkilled, slain
हतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna (speaker)
P
Pārṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna, son of Pṛṣat)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical strain of war: even in a righteous battle, killing someone who appears helpless or unprotected is morally troubling and invites scrutiny under kṣatriya-dharma.

Arjuna comments on a killing attributed to Pārṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna), describing the victim as having been overpowered and slain as if defenseless, signaling Arjuna’s concern about the manner of the act.