Shloka 48

Devanagari script

हाहाकृतानि भूतानि मानुषाणीतराणि च । द्रोणं तथागतं दृष्टवा धृष्टद्युम्नवशं गतम्‌

Transliteration

hāhākṛtāni bhūtāni mānuṣāṇītarāṇi ca | droṇaṃ tathāgataṃ dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnavaśaṃ gatam ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: “All beings—human and non-human alike—raised cries of ‘Alas!’ on seeing Droṇa brought to that pass, fallen under the power of Dhṛṣṭadyumna.”

Word by Word

हाहाalas! (cry of lament)

कृतानिmade, done; uttered (as cries)

भूतानिbeings, creatures

मानुषाणिhuman

इतराणिother (non-human)

चand

द्रोणम्Drona

तथाthus, in that manner

गतम्gone, come to (a state)

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen

धृष्टद्युम्नवशम्under the control/power of Dhrishtadyumna

गतम्gone to, fallen into

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Droṇa (Droṇācārya)

Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Cross References

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the tragic moral weight of war: even the fall of a formidable teacher like Droṇa evokes universal lament, suggesting that victory achieved through the destruction of revered figures carries sorrow and ethical gravity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that a great outcry arose among all beings when they saw Droṇa brought under Dhṛṣṭadyumna’s power—indicating Droṇa’s decisive defeat and the shock it causes on the battlefield.