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Shloka 4

ततः परिष्वज्य पुन: पार्थमास्फोट्य चासकृत्‌ । रथोपस्थगतो धीमान्‌ प्राणदत्‌ पुनरच्युत:,तत्पश्चात्‌ पुनः अर्जुनको हृदयसे लगाकर बारंबार उनकी पीठ ठोंककर रथके पिछले भागमें बैठे हुए बुद्धिमान्‌ भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्ण फिर जोर-जोरसे गर्जना करने लगे

tataḥ pariṣvajya punaḥ pārtham āsphoṭya cāsakṛt | rathopasthagato dhīmān prāṇadāt punar acyutaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Then, embracing Pārtha once more and repeatedly patting him on the back, the wise Acyuta, seated on the rear part of the chariot, again let out a mighty roar—reviving courage and resolve in the midst of the war’s moral strain.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formavyaya
परिष्वज्यhaving embraced
परिष्वज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-स्वज् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), indeclinable
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formavyaya
पार्थम्Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)
पार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
आस्फोट्यhaving slapped/patted (struck) (him)
आस्फोट्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√स्फुट्/स्फोट् (धातु; causative sense in usage)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), indeclinable
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formavyaya
असकृत्repeatedly, many times
असकृत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअसकृत् (अव्यय)
Formavyaya
रथोपस्थगतःgone to/positioned on the chariot-seat
रथोपस्थगतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरथ + उपस्थ + गत (गम्-धातु से क्त)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
धीमान्wise, intelligent
धीमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधीमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्राणदत्roared, shouted aloud
प्राणदत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√नद् (धातु)
Formimperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formavyaya
अच्युतःAcyuta (Krishna)
अच्युतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअच्युत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
A
Acyuta (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
C
chariot (ratha)

Educational Q&A

In a dharmic crisis like war, righteous action is sustained not only by strategy but by moral support and steadiness. Kṛṣṇa’s embrace and energizing roar model leadership that restores another’s courage without abandoning ethical purpose.

After a tense moment in battle, Kṛṣṇa physically reassures Arjuna—embracing him and repeatedly patting his back—while seated on the chariot. He then roars loudly, signaling renewed confidence and rallying spirit.