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Shloka 19

व्यक्त किष्कुपरीणाहं द्वादशारत्निकार्मुकम्‌ । रथाक्षमात्रैरिषुभि: सर्वा: प्रच्छादयन्‌ दिश:

vyakta-kiṣku-parīṇāhaṁ dvādaśa-ratnikārmukam | rathākṣa-mātrair iṣubhiḥ sarvāḥ pracchādayan diśaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: “With a bow of manifest, thick girth—measuring twelve ratnis in length—he showered arrows as long as a chariot’s axle, veiling all the directions. In that moment the battlefield’s moral horizon narrowed: sheer martial force, displayed without restraint, made every quarter seem covered and inescapable.”

व्यक्तclearly manifest
व्यक्त:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्त
Formneuter, accusative, singular
किष्कुपरीणाहम्having a circumference of a kisku (measure)
किष्कुपरीणाहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकिष्कु-परिणाह
Formneuter, accusative, singular
द्वादशारत्निtwelve-forearm-length (twelve cubits)
द्वादशारत्नि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश-अरत्नि
Formneuter, accusative, singular
कार्मुकम्bow
कार्मुकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्मुक
Formneuter, accusative, singular
रथाक्षमात्रैःwith (arrows) of chariot-axle measure
रथाक्षमात्रैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootरथ-अक्ष-मात्र
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
इषुभिःwith arrows
इषुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइषु
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
सर्वाःall
सर्वाः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formfeminine, accusative, plural
प्रच्छादयन्covering, veiling
प्रच्छादयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-छद्
Formpresent, —, singular, active, present active participle (masculine nominative singular)
दिशःdirections, quarters
दिशः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
Formfeminine, accusative, plural

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
कर्मुक (bow)
इषु (arrows)
रथाक्ष (chariot axle)
दिशः (the directions/quarters)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how overwhelming force can dominate perception and space—“covering the directions”—suggesting that in war, displays of power can eclipse discernment and compress moral choice, even when the narrator remains a witness rather than a judge.

Sañjaya describes a warrior unleashing a tremendous volley: a massive bow (twelve ratnis long) and arrows compared in length to a chariot’s axle, so dense that they seem to blanket all quarters of the battlefield.