Shloka 39

ययौ घटोत्कचस्तूर्ण दुर्योधनरथं प्रति । अभ्येत्य च महाबाहु: स्मयमान: स राक्षस:

yayau ghaṭotkacas tūrṇaṁ duryodhana-rathaṁ prati | abhyetya ca mahābāhuḥ smayamānaḥ sa rākṣasaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Ghaṭotkaca swiftly advanced toward Duryodhana’s chariot. Drawing near, that mighty-armed Rākṣasa approached with a confident, almost mocking smile—signaling the fierce resolve with which he meant to strike at the Kaurava leader in the thick of battle.

yayauwent
yayau:
TypeVerb
Rootyā (धातु)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
ghaṭotkacaḥGhaṭotkaca
ghaṭotkacaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootghaṭotkaca (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
tūrṇamquickly
tūrṇam:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
duryodhana-rathamDuryodhana's chariot
duryodhana-ratham:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootduryodhana-ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
pratitowards
prati:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprati
abhyetyahaving approached
abhyetya:
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-√i (इ) (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
mahābāhuḥmighty-armed
mahābāhuḥ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā-bāhu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
smayamānaḥsmiling
smayamānaḥ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootsmayamāna (√smi/√smay, धातु) (प्रातिपदिक as present participle)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular, present active participle
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
rākṣasaḥthe rākṣasa (demon)
rākṣasaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
G
Ghaṭotkaca
D
Duryodhana
D
Duryodhana’s chariot

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how inner attitude—confidence, fearlessness, even strategic intimidation—shapes conduct in war. Ethically, it reflects the Mahābhārata’s portrayal of battle as not only physical combat but also a contest of resolve, where leaders become focal points and courage is tested under extreme dharmic pressure.

Sañjaya reports that Ghaṭotkaca rapidly moves straight toward Duryodhana’s chariot and closes in, smiling. The scene sets up a direct confrontation aimed at the Kaurava king, emphasizing Ghaṭotkaca’s aggressive intent and the immediate danger to Duryodhana on the battlefield.