Shloka 17

Devanagari script

ततः समभवद्‌ युद्ध तुमुलं भरतर्षभ । पज्चालानां च सर्वेषां भरतानां च दारुणम्‌,भरतश्रेष्ठ! तदनन्तर समस्त पांचालों और भरतवंशियोंका वहाँ भयंकर युद्ध होने लगा

Transliteration

tataḥ samabhavad yuddhaṁ tumulaṁ bharatarṣabha | pāñcālānāṁ ca sarveṣāṁ bharatānāṁ ca dāruṇam ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then there arose a tumultuous battle—terrible in its ferocity—between all the Pāñcālas and the Bhāratas, O bull among the Bharatas. The narrative underscores how, once hostilities fully ignite, collective identities harden and the conflict swells into indiscriminate devastation, testing the bounds of dharma amid war.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय

• समभवत्: arose, happened
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (सम् + अभि + भू)
• Form: लङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• युद्धम्: battle, war
• युद्धम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• तुमुलम्: tumultuous, fierce
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुमुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• भरतर्षभ: O bull among the Bharatas
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत + ऋषभ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• पाञ्चालानाम्: of the Panchalas
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाञ्चाल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय

• सर्वेषाम्: of all
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• भरतानाम्: of the Bharatas
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय

• दारुणम्: terrible, dreadful
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhāratas (Kuru forces)
• Pāñcālas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the moral gravity of war: once the clash becomes 'tumula' (chaotic) and 'dāruṇa' (dreadful), violence expands beyond individual duels into collective devastation, challenging warriors to remember dharma even amid escalating fury.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the Kuru king that a fierce, chaotic battle has erupted between the Pāñcāla forces and the Bhārata (Kuru) forces, marking an intensification of the fighting in the Drona Parva sequence.