Shloka 48

त॑ विजित्यार्जुनस्तूर्ण द्रोणान्तिकमुपाययौ । किरजञज्शरगणान्‌ राजन्‌ नरवारणवाजिषु,राजन! उसे परास्त करके अर्जुन मनुष्यों, हाथियों तथा घोड़ोंपर बाणसमूहोंकी वर्षा करते हुए तुरंत ही द्रोणाचार्यके समीप चले गये

taṁ vijityārjunas tūrṇaṁ droṇāntikam upāyayau | kirann iṣu-śara-gaṇān rājan nara-vāraṇa-vājiṣu ||

Sañjaya said: Having overcome him, Arjuna swiftly advanced toward Droṇa. O King, as he moved, he rained volleys of arrows upon the warriors—men, elephants, and horses—pressing the battle forward with relentless force toward the commander he sought.

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विजित्यhaving conquered/defeated
विजित्य:
TypeVerb
Root√जि
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तूर्णम्quickly, at once
तूर्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्ण
Formtrue
द्रोण-अन्तिकम्to Drona's vicinity/near Drona
द्रोण-अन्तिकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण + अन्तिक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपाययौwent near, approached
उपाययौ:
TypeVerb
Rootउप + √या
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
किरन्scattering, showering
किरन्:
TypeVerb
Root√कॄ (किरति)
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
शर-गणान्masses/groups of arrows
शर-गणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशर + गण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नर-वारण-वाजिषुamong men, elephants, and horses
नर-वारण-वाजिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनर + वारण + वाजि
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna
D
Droṇācārya (Droṇa)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as Rājan)
A
arrows (iṣu/śara)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights kṣātra-dharma in its stark form: decisive action, speed, and unwavering focus on one’s objective in battle. Ethically, it also underscores the tragic scale of war—Arjuna’s prowess affects not only rival warriors but also animals (elephants and horses), reminding the listener of the broad suffering inherent in armed conflict.

After defeating an opponent, Arjuna quickly advances toward Droṇācārya. As he moves, he showers arrows upon the enemy forces—men, elephants, and horses—clearing a path and intensifying the assault as he closes in on Droṇa.