Shloka 33

भीमसेन-धृष्टद्युम्नयोर्वाक्यं

Bhīmasena and Dhṛṣṭadyumna’s Speeches on Kṣātra-Dharma

Devanagari script

ततो हाहाकृतं सैन्यं तव सर्व जनाधिप । हतं सम मेनिरे सर्वे तावकास्तं विशाम्पते,नरेश्वरर फिर तो आपकी सारी सेनामें हाहाकार मच गया। प्रजानाथ! आपके समस्त योद्धाओंने यह मान लिया कि अभश्वत्थामा मारा गया

Transliteration

tato hāhākṛtaṃ sainyaṃ tava sarva janādhipa | hataṃ saṃmenire sarve tāvakās taṃ viśāṃpate ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then your entire army broke into cries of alarm, O lord of men. All your warriors, O protector of the people, concluded that Aśvatthāmā had been slain. The moment shows how quickly collective judgment in war can be driven by rumor and fear, shaping morale and decisions even before truth is verified.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya

• हाहाकृतम्: made into a cry of ‘hā hā’, filled with lamentation
• हाहाकृतम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हाहाकृत (कृ + क्त; हाहा-शब्दपूर्वक)
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• सैन्यम्: army
• सैन्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• तव: of you, your
• तव: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, singular

• सर्व: O all-/universal (i.e., great)
• सर्व: Sambodhana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, vocative, singular (used with जनाधिप)

• जनाधिप: O lord of people
• जनाधिप: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनाधिप
• Form: Masculine, vocative, singular

• हतम्: slain, killed
• हतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हत (हन् + क्त)
• Form: Masculine, accusative, singular (understood object: तम् = him)

• सम्: completely, together (prefixal sense with मेनिरे)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्
• Form: Upasarga/Avyaya

• मेनिरे: they thought/considered
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, plural, Ātmanepada

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, nominative, plural

• तावकाः: your men, your side’s warriors
• तावकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तावक
• Form: Masculine, nominative, plural

• तम्: him (i.e., Aśvatthāmā)
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, accusative, singular

• विशाम्पते: O lord of the people/clans
• विशाम्पते: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशाम्पति
• Form: Masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Janādhipa (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addressed)
• Aśvatthāmā
• Kaurava army (tāvakāḥ, sainyam)