Shloka 64

अश्वांश्व चतुरः श्वेतान्‌ निजघान शितै: शरै: । छित्त्वा ध्वजं रथं चैव शतधा पुरुषर्षभ

aśvāṃś ca caturaḥ śvetān nijaghāna śitaiḥ śaraiḥ | chittvā dhvajaṃ rathaṃ caiva śatadhā puruṣarṣabha ||

Sañjaya said: With keen arrows he struck down the four white horses; and, having cut the banner and even the chariot into a hundred pieces—O best of men—he pressed the attack with relentless precision. In the moral atmosphere of the war, the verse underscores how martial skill is turned toward disabling an opponent’s means of battle, revealing the grim ethic of Kurukṣetra where prowess and destruction move side by side.

अश्वान्horses
अश्वान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
चतुरःfour
चतुरः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
श्वेतान्white
श्वेतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
निजघानstruck down / slew
निजघान:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular
शितैःwith sharp
शितैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootशित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
शरैःarrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
छित्त्वाhaving cut
छित्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootछिद्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
ध्वजम्banner/standard
ध्वजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
शतधाinto a hundred pieces / a hundredfold
शतधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशतधा
पुरुषर्षभO bull among men (best of men)
पुरुषर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
अश्व (horses)
श्वेत अश्व (four white horses)
शर (arrows)
ध्वज (banner/standard)
रथ (chariot)
पुरुषर्षभ (epithet: best of men)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the harsh wartime ethic in which strategic disabling of an enemy’s mobility and symbols (horses, banner, chariot) becomes a measure of prowess; it reflects how dharma in battle is framed as disciplined effectiveness, even amid destructive outcomes.

Sañjaya reports a combat moment where a warrior shoots sharp arrows to kill four white horses and then cuts down the opponent’s banner and chariot, splintering them into many pieces, indicating a decisive tactical blow in the chariot-war setting.