Shloka 30

Devanagari script

दुर्मर्षणो दुःसहश्न दुर्मदो दुर्धरो जय: । पाण्डवं चित्रसंनाहास्तं प्रतीपमुपाद्रवन्‌,उन पाँचोंके नाम ये हैं--दुर्मर्षण, दुःसह, दुर्मद, दुर्धर (दुराधार) और जय। इन सबने विचित्र कवच धारण करके अपने विरोधी पाण्डुपुत्र भीमसेनपर आक्रमण किया

Transliteration

durmarṣaṇo duḥsahaś ca durmado durdharo jayaḥ | pāṇḍavaṁ citrasaṁnāhās taṁ pratīpam upādravan ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Durmarṣaṇa, Duḥsaha, Durmada, Durdhara, and Jaya—wearing splendid and varied armor—rushed to assail their adversary, the Pāṇḍava Bhīmasena. In the heat of war, they sought to overwhelm him by a concerted attack, showing how hostility and pride drive men to collective violence against a single formidable foe.

Word by Word

दुर्मर्षणःDurmarṣaṇa (one of the warriors; ‘hard to bear/forgive’)

दुःसहःDuḥsaha (one of the warriors; ‘hard to endure’)

दुर्मदःDurmada (one of the warriors; ‘arrogant/excessively intoxicated’)

दुर्धरःDurdhara (one of the warriors; ‘hard to restrain/hold’)

जयःJaya (proper name)

पाण्डवम्the Pāṇḍava (here: Bhīma, son of Pāṇḍu)

चित्र-संनाहाःwearing variegated/ornate armor

तम्him

प्रतीपम्hostile, opposing

उपाद्रवन्they attacked/assailed

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Durmarṣaṇa

Duḥsaha

Durmada

Durdhara

Jaya

Pāṇḍava (Bhīmasena/Bhīma)

citrasaṁnāha (armor/armament)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Cross References

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how enmity and pride in war can lead to a coordinated attack against a single opponent; ethically, it underscores the destructive momentum of hatred and the escalation of violence when many unite to overpower one.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that five Kaurava warriors—Durmarṣaṇa, Duḥsaha, Durmada, Durdhara, and Jaya—wearing splendid armor, rush together to attack the Pāṇḍava hero Bhīma.