Shloka 45

राज्ञो रथमभिप्रेक्ष्य विद्रुता:शतशो5भवन्‌ | राजन! प्रजानाथ! तदनन्तर आपके पुत्र और सैनिक राजा दुर्योधनके रथकी वैसी दशा देखकर सैकड़ोंकी संख्यामें भाग खड़े हुए || ४४ $ ।। विद्रुतं तत्र तत्‌ सैन्यं दृष्टवा भारत सात्यकि:

sañjaya uvāca | rājño ratham abhiprekṣya vidrutāḥ śataśo 'bhavan | rājan prajānātha tad-anantaraṃ tava putrāś ca sainikāś ca rājā duryodhanasya rathasya vaśīṃ daśāṃ dṛṣṭvā śataśaḥ saṅkhyayā bhāgaṃ pracakramuḥ | vidrutaṃ tatra tat sainyaṃ dṛṣṭvā bhārata sātyakiḥ |

Sañjaya said: Seeing the king’s chariot in that condition, hundreds fled in panic. O King, O lord of the people—after that, your sons and the soldiers, beholding King Duryodhana’s chariot brought to such a plight, broke and ran in great numbers. Seeing that army there in flight, Sātyaki (of the Bhārata war) …

राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभिप्रेक्ष्यhaving looked at / seeing
अभिप्रेक्ष्य:
Kriya-vishesana
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-प्रेक्ष्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
विद्रुताःfled / having run away
विद्रुताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-द्रु (विद्रुत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)
शतशःby hundreds / in hundreds
शतशः:
Kriya-vishesana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशतशस्
Formtrue
अभवन्became / were
अभवन्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
विद्रुतम्fleeing / fled
विद्रुतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-द्रु (विद्रुत)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
Formtrue
तत्that
तत्:
Visheshana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सैन्यम्army
सैन्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Kriya-vishesana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सात्यकिO Sātyaki
सात्यकि:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootसात्यकि
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as rājan, prajānātha)
D
Duryodhana
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons (Kauravas, implied by tava putrāḥ)
K
Kaurava soldiers (sainikāḥ, sainyam)
D
Duryodhana’s chariot (ratha)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights how quickly an army’s morale collapses when leadership appears vulnerable. In the ethical frame of the epic, fear-driven flight contrasts with the kṣatriya ideal of steadiness under crisis, and it shows how the visible condition of a leader (here, Duryodhana’s chariot) can sway collective conduct.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that, after seeing Duryodhana’s chariot in a grievous state, many of the Kaurava side—including Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons and soldiers—panic and flee in large numbers. The verse then turns to Sātyaki, who notices that the army is in flight, setting up the next action.