Shloka 43

अर्जुनस्य गुरुधर्मविलापः तथा शैनेयकर्णयोर्युद्धारम्भः | Arjuna’s Lament on Guru-Dharma and the Opening of the Sātyaki–Karṇa Duel

Devanagari script

पतिते सारथौ तस्मिंस्तव पुत्ररथ: प्रभो

Transliteration

patite sārathau tasmiṁs tava putrarathaḥ prabho

Translation

Sañjaya said: “O lord, when that charioteer had fallen, your son’s chariot (and his cause) stood in a moment of grave peril.” The line underscores how, in war, the fall of a single supporting figure—especially the one who guides and steadies—can suddenly expose even a mighty warrior to ethical and strategic vulnerability.

Word by Word

• पतिते: when (he) had fallen / fallen
• पतिते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पतित
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• सारथौ: in the charioteer
• सारथौ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सारथि
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• तस्मिन्: in that (one/that situation)
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• तव: of you / your
• तव: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Singular

• पुत्र: son
• पुत्र: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रथः: chariot
• रथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रभो: O lord
• प्रभो: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभु
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as prabho)
• your son (Duryodhana implied by context)
• charioteer (sārathi)
• chariot (ratha)