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Shloka 3

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 107: Karṇa–Bhīma Saṃmarda

Arrow-storm Engagement

तेषां तु रथमुख्यानां रथेषु विविधा ध्वजा: । प्रत्यदृश्यन्त राजेन्द्र ज्वलिता इव पावका:,राजेन्द्र! उन श्रेष्ठ महारथियोंके रथोंपर भाँति-भाँतिके ध्वज प्रज्वलित अग्निके समान तेजस्वी दिखायी देते थे

teṣāṁ tu rathamukhyānāṁ ratheṣu vividhā dhvajāḥ | pratyadṛśyanta rājendra jvalitā iva pāvakāḥ ||

Sañjaya said: “On the chariots of those foremost chariot-warriors, O best of kings, many kinds of banners were seen, blazing like fire—signs of their prowess and the fierce momentum of war that was now fully unleashed.”

तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
रथमुख्यानाम्of the foremost chariot-warriors
रथमुख्यानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथमुख्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
रथेषुon/in the chariots
रथेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
विविधाःvarious
विविधाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ध्वजाःbanners/standards
ध्वजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रत्यदृश्यन्तappeared/were seen
प्रत्यदृश्यन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada, Active, प्रति
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ज्वलिताःblazing
ज्वलिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्वलित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
इवlike/as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
पावकाःfires
पावकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपावक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
R
ratha (chariots)
D
dhvaja (banners/standards)
P
pāvaka (fire)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how outward symbols of power—banners and standards—can intensify the atmosphere of conflict. Ethically, it underscores the seductive grandeur of war: splendor and heroism are vividly displayed even as destruction advances.

Sañjaya describes to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra the battlefield scene: the foremost chariot-warriors have chariots adorned with many kinds of banners, which appear to blaze like fire, emphasizing the formidable presence of the fighters.