Shloka 50

Irāvān-nidhana-anantaraṃ Ghaṭotkaca-nādaḥ

After Irāvān’s fall: Ghaṭotkaca’s roar and the clash with Duryodhana

Devanagari script

जानामि व्वां युधां श्रेष्ठमत्यन्तं पूर्ववैरिणम्‌ अनयस्याद्य सम्प्राप्तं फलं पश्य सुदारुणम्‌

Transliteration

jānāmi vām yudhāṁ śreṣṭham atyantaṁ pūrvavairiṇam | anayasya adya samprāptaṁ phalaṁ paśya sudāruṇam ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: I know you both to be the foremost of warriors, and bitter enemies from long ago. Behold today the terribly cruel fruit that has come from this misfortune—how past enmity and present folly ripen into ruin on the battlefield.

Word by Word

• जानामि: I know
• जानामि: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (जानाति)
• Form: Lat (Present), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada

• वाम्: you two
• वाम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (द्वितीया-द्विवचनम्)
• Form: —, Accusative, Dual

• युधाम्: of battles / among battles
• युधाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युध् (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• श्रेष्ठम्: the best
• श्रेष्ठम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Dual

• अत्यन्तम्: exceedingly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्यन्त (अव्यय-प्रयोगः)

• पूर्ववैरिणम्: former enemies
• पूर्ववैरिणम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्ववैरिन् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Dual

• अनयस्य: of misfortune / of wrong conduct
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनय (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• अद्य: today / now
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य

• सम्प्राप्तम्: attained / come to
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + प्र + आप् (सम्प्राप्) → सम्प्राप्त (क्त)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• फलम्: fruit, result
• फलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: फल (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पश्य: see!
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (पश्यति)
• Form: Lot (Imperative), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• सुदारुणम्: very dreadful
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुदारुण (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores moral causality: long-nursed hostility and a misguided course (anaya) culminate in a harsh ‘fruit’ (phala). It warns that enmity, when carried forward, ripens into suffering and destructive outcomes.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya addresses two individuals (vām), acknowledging them as supreme warriors and long-standing enemies, and urges them to witness the dreadful consequence that has now arrived—implying an immediate, grim turn in the battle brought about by misfortune and prior rivalry.