Shloka 22
Abhimanyu’s Assault on Bhīṣma’s Screen; Banner-Felling and Reinforcements (सौभद्र-भीष्म-समरः)
Devanagari script
अदेशकाले यद् दानमपात्रेभ्यश्व दीयते । असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत् तामसमुदाह्ृतम्,जो दान बिना सत्कारके” अथवा तिरस्कारपूर्वक* अयोग्य देश-कालमें* और कुपात्रके* प्रति दिया जाता है, वह दान तामस कहा गया है
Transliteration
adeśa-kāle yad dānam apātrebhyaś ca dīyate | asat-kṛtam avajñātaṁ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ||
Translation
Arjuna said: That gift which is given at an improper place and time, and to unworthy recipients—offered without respect and with contempt—is declared to be tamasic. Ethically, it warns that charity is judged not only by the act of giving, but by discernment (place, time, recipient) and by the giver’s attitude of honor rather than humiliation.
Word by Word
अदेशकालेin an improper place/time
अदेशकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअदेशकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यत्which
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दानम्gift; charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अपात्रेभ्यःto unworthy recipients
अपात्रेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअपात्र
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
दीयतेis given
दीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
असत्कृतम्without honor; not respectfully done
असत्कृतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअसत्कृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अवज्ञातम्with contempt; disregarded
अवज्ञातम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवज्ञात
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तामसम्tamasic
तामसम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उदाहृतम्is said/called
उदाहृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउदाहृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Perfect (periphrastic sense via past passive participle), Passive (PPP)
Speaker
अजुन उवाच
Characters & Entities
A
ArjunaVerse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes