Shloka 39
Puruṣottama-yoga
The Discipline of the Supreme Person) — Chapter 15 (Bhagavadgītā
वायुर्यमो डग्निर्वरुण: शशाड्कः: प्रजापतिस्त्वं प्रपितामहश्न । नमो नमस्ते<स्तु सहस्रकृत्व:* पुनश्चन भूयो5पि नमो नमस्ते,आप वायु, यमराज, अग्नि, वरुण, चन्द्रमा, प्रजाके स्वामी ब्रह्मा और ब्रह्माके भी पिता हैं। आपके लिये हजारों बार नमस्कार! नमस्कार हो!! आपके लिये फिर भी बार-बार नमस्कार! नमस्कार!!!
vāyur yamo 'gnir varuṇaḥ śaśāṅkaḥ prajāpatis tvaṁ prapitāmahaś ca | namo namas te 'stu sahasrakṛtvaḥ punaś ca bhūyo 'pi namo namas te ||
Arjuna acknowledges Kṛṣṇa’s all-encompassing divinity, declaring that the Lord is present as the cosmic powers that govern life and order—wind, death, fire, the waters, and the moon—and also as Prajāpati (the progenitor) and even the grandsire beyond the grandsire. Overwhelmed by reverence, he offers repeated salutations—again and again—signaling humility, surrender, and recognition that moral order (dharma) ultimately rests in the Supreme rather than in human strength amid the impending war.
अजुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches that the Supreme Lord is the inner reality behind all cosmic functions—life-breath, death, fire, waters, and celestial order—so the proper ethical stance is humility and reverent surrender. Recognizing this unity grounds dharma: human action in war or peace must be aligned with the higher order rather than ego or fear.
During the vision of the universal form (viśvarūpa), Arjuna is awestruck and begins a hymn of praise. He identifies the Lord with major Vedic deities and cosmic principles and offers repeated salutations, expressing reverence and seeking alignment with the divine reality revealed before him.