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Shloka 38

भीष्मरथाभिमुख्यं — Arjuna’s advance with Śikhaṇḍin; Duḥśāsana’s interception

अपोवाह रणे भीरून्‌ कश्मलेनाभिसंवृतान्‌ । यथा वैतरणी प्रेतान्‌ प्रेतराजपुरं प्रति,जैसे वैतरणी नदी मरे हुए प्राणियोंको प्रेतराजके नगरमें पहुँचाती है, उसी प्रकार वह रक्तमयी नदी डरपोक और कायरोंको मूर्च्छित-से करके रणभूमिसे दूर हटाने लगी

apo vāha raṇe bhīrūn kaśmalenābhisaṃvṛtān | yathā vaitaraṇī pretān pretarājapuraṃ prati ||

Sañjaya said: In the battle, it swept away the fearful—those enveloped by despair and confusion—just as the Vaitaraṇī carries the dead toward the city of the Lord of the departed. So that blood-like river drove the timid, as if fainting, away from the field of war, portraying how inner collapse in dharma-yuddha turns a warrior into one already half-conquered by death.

अपोवाहcarried away, drove away
अपोवाह:
TypeVerb
Rootअप + वह्
Formलिट् (perfect), परस्मैपद, 3, singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
Formmasculine, locative, singular
भीरून्the fearful (cowards)
भीरून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीरु
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
कश्मलेनby confusion/delusion
कश्मलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकश्मल
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
अभिसंवृतान्covered/overwhelmed
अभिसंवृतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि + सम् + वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) → संवृत (PPP)
Formmasculine, accusative, plural, क्त (past passive participle)
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वैतरणीthe Vaitaraṇī (river)
वैतरणी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैतरणी
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
प्रेतान्the departed spirits
प्रेतान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेत
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
प्रेतराजपुरम्to the city of the lord of the dead (Yama)
प्रेतराजपुरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेतराजपुर
Formneuter, accusative, singular
प्रतिtowards
प्रति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
V
Vaitaraṇī
P
Pretas (the departed)
P
Pretarāja (Yama)
P
Pretarājapura (city of Yama)